<p>Anchor Island  is an island in Dusky Sound in Fiordland.</p><br>
<p>The island is situated southwest of the much larger Resolution Island in the inlet area of Dusky Sound and surrounded by many smaller islands and contains Lake Kirirua, the largest lake on an island in Fiordland.</p><br>
<p>The island is part of the Fiordland National Park and since 2005 is one of few island sanctuaries that are home to the critically endangered kakapo.</p><br>
<p>Red deer and stoats had been eradicated between 2001 and 2005, and subsequently endangered endemic birds including tieke (saddleback), mōhua (yellowhead), and New Zealand rock wren have been relocated to the island. The island is one of only nine islands in the area that is completely free of introduced mammalian pests and is 2.5 km from the New Zealand mainland, which makes it relatively safe from repeat incursions by stoat and deer.</p><br>
<p>Cobbetts Pond is a 302 acre water body located in Rockingham County in southern New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Windham. It is approximately 2 mi long, and the shoreline forms the shape of an 8. The average depth is 33 ft, with a maximum depth of 50 ft.</p><br>
<p>Cobbetts Pond is home to many different types of lakeside homes, ranging from seasonal cottages to year-round multimillion-dollar houses. These homes are all part of the Cobbett&#39;s Pond Village District. Located on the west edge of the lake is the Windham Town Beach, which is open to the public and has an enclosed swimming area. The area is supervised by a lifeguard.</p><br>
<p>During the summer months, watersport shows, boat parades, and fireworks take place. There are no posted speed limits for boats, but there is a warden that occasionally patrols the lake by boat. The winter months are less busy on the lake, since most homes are only seasonal and fit to be used in warm weather. Ice fishing and skating are common activities during the winter.</p><br>
<p>Cobbetts Pond is primarily a spring-fed lake. Water from the pond flows via Golden Brook and Beaver Brook to the Merrimack River in Lowell, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<p>The lake is classified as a warmwater fishery, with observed species including smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, chain pickerel, brown bullhead, and bluegill.</p><br>
<p>Pilot Peak  is the highest mountain in the Pilot Range in extreme eastern Elko County, Nevada, United States. It is the most topographically prominent peak in Elko County and the fourth-most prominent peak in Nevada. The peak is on public land administered by the Bureau of Land Management and thus has no access restrictions.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Pilot Peak was named in 1845 for its use as an easily recognized landmark. John C. Fremont saw the peak from the east during his third expedition, mapping the Great Basin. Wondering whether his entire party could cross the desert he sent Kit Carson ahead to scout for water sources. Finding a perennial spring just east of the peak, Carson lit a large bonfire, the smoke from which signaled Fremont that the crossing was possible.</p><br>
<p>In 1846 the Donner Party also used the peak as a landmark for their crossing of the Great Salt Lake Desert, part of the Hastings Cutoff emigrant route. Running out of water, they had to temporarily abandon their wagons and oxen in order to reach the springs (now called Donner Springs) at the base of the peak. They eventually recovered most of their stock animals and wagons, and continued their journey to the California Trail and the Sierra Nevada mountains.</p><br>
<p>Kinnerly Peak  is located in the Livingston Range, Glacier National Park in the USA state of Montana. It is approximately 1 mi north of Kintla Peak, the highest peak in the Livingston Range, and 3 mi south of the Canada–United States border. Both peaks are in the remote northwest corner of the park. Kinnerly Peak is the eighth tallest peak in Glacier National Park.</p><br>
<p>Kinnerly Peak is notable for its huge north face, which rises steeply from Upper Kintla Lake. From the lake to the summit is an elevation gain of 5,573 ft in approximately a horizontal 1 mi.</p><br>
<p>The first recorded ascent of Kinnerly Peak was made by a Sierra Club party led by the noted mountaineer Norman Clyde, in 1937. The standard climbing route ascends the northwest face, starting from the south shore of Upper Kintla Lake. It involves a large amount of elevation gain, mostly by scrambling, but with some exposed and mildly technical sections (Class 4 or easy Class 5). Other routes exist on the southeast and southwest faces.</p><br>
<p>Temštica  is a river in Serbia, a right tributary of the Nišava River. The Temštica itself is not very long , but receives a much longer tributary, the Visočica , flowing from Bulgaria , thru Serbia  making Visočica and Temštica river system 93.7 km long.</p><br>
<h2>Temštica (Toplodolska reka)</h2><br>
<p>The Temštica, known as the Topli Do river (Toplodolska reka, Топлодолска река) in the northern part, originates from five streams from the Stara Planina mountain on the Serbian–Bulgarian border. Three major streams spring out from several peaks of Stara Planina: Midžor/Midzhur (Миџор/Миджур), Vražija Glava/Vrazha glava (Вражија Глава/Вража глава), Bratkova Strana (Браткова Страна) and Gola Glava (Гола Глава). They all join together near the village of Topli Dol, which gives the alternative name to the river. Temštica carved a canyon, popularly nicknamed "Little Colorado". The river continues to the northwest and receives the Visočica from the left.</p><br>
<p>In 1990, a tunnel was built to conduct 90% of the Visočica&#39;s water back into the Lake Zavoj. That left Temštica itself without 70% of the water, leaving only the "biological minimum" to overspill from the dam. However, that is the so-called "dead water", which comes from the depth of 60 m and has the temperature of only few Celsius degrees. Without any research being conducted, in 1992 the construction of the tunnel which would conduct the waters from Temštica itself into the Lake Zavoj began. As the area of Stara Planina was protected in the meantime the project was halted.</p><br>
<p>Local population in the watershed of Temštica protested claiming that over 70% of the water was already taken out of Temštica which will result in an ecological catastrophe, especially in the canyon of Little Colorado. As a result of this, municipality of Pirot officially opposed the government&#39;s decision in 2004 and 2006, but the government insisted on continuing the project. In protest, population of the village of Temska boycotted the Serbian parliamentary elections in January 2007. Due to the continued opposition from both the municipality and the population, the construction of the 9 km long tunnel which would transfer the water from the river into the lake was abandoned. The water of Visočica is already being transferred into the lake, so the Temska relies only on waters from the Temštica. Transferring that water into the lake would make riverbeds downstream almost dry and lifeless. In the winter of 2017, the government announced that it will continue the construction of the tunnel, promising they will leave "the minimal needed amount" of water in the river. This prompted further popular protests.</p><br>
<h2>Visočica</h2><br>
<p>The Visočica or Visochitsa (Височица) is 71 km long, originating from the mountain of Berkovska planina, a part of Stara Planina, near Kom Peak, just a few kilometers away from the Serbian border. The river, in this section known also as Barlska reka from the name of the village of Barlya, flows to the south, reaching the Zabarde region of eastern Bulgaria and the northern slopes of the Gora mountain, where it turns west and enters the Visok depression at the village of Komshtitsa (Bulgarian: Комщица). Soon after it turns west, the Visočica crosses the Bulgarian-Serbian border.</p><br>
<p>The Visok depression is located between Stara Planina to the north and the Vidlič (or Vidlich) mountain to the south. It is elongated (divided into upper and lower sections) and sparsely populated: the villages of Izatovci, Slavinja (where it receives the tributary of Rosomačka reka from the right), Visoka Ržana (where it receives the tributary of the Dojkinička reka, also from the right), Rsovci, Pakleštica, Velika Lukanja and Zavoj, before it meets the Temštica.</p><br>
<p>In 1963 a huge landslide jammed the river, creating a natural earth dam (500 m long and 50 m high) which in turn created a lake that flooded the village of Zavoj. The natural lake was dried, the dam was consolidated and a hydroelectrical power plant was constructed (HE Zavoj) with the artificial Lake Zavoj (area 5,53 km²; altitude 612 m; depth 60 m) instead of the dried one. The village of Novi Zavoj was built on higher ground for the residents of the flooded Zavoj.</p><br>
<h2>Temska</h2><br>
<p>In the final, 15-km-long section after the confluence with the Visočica, the Temštica is also known as the Temska (Cyrillic: Темска). The river flows next to the village Novi Zavoj and Monastery of Temska (with the small hydroelectrical power plant of the same name) and empties into the Nišava northwest of the town of Pirot.</p><br>
<p>The Temštica drains an area of 820 km², it belongs to the Black Sea drainage basin and it is not navigable.</p><br>
<p>The Carrington Falls is a plunge waterfall across the Kangaroo River located in the Southern Highlands region of New South Wales, Australia.</p><br>
<p>The falls are situated where the river crosses the western escarpment of the Budderoo Plateau to descend to the Kangaroo Valley. Located 7 km east southeast of, the falls are protected within the Budderoo National Park, at an approximate elevation of 542 m above sea level and descend approximately 130 - from the plateau to the valley floor. There are wheelchair accessible viewing platforms of the falls.</p><br>
<p>A noticeboard at the site reads as follows:</p><br>
<h2>Locality</h2><br>
<p>The locality of Carrington Falls is defined as a suburb of the Municipality of Kiama, "situated near the Kangaroo River about 6.5 km E of Upper Kangaroo Valley". At the, it had a population of 20.</p><br>
<p>The Cahokia Courthouse State Historic Site is a reconstructed French-Canadian structure built about 1740 at what is now 107 Elm Street, Cahokia, Illinois. At various times it has served as a house and as a courthouse. It is currently interpreted to resemble its appearance about 1800 as a frontier courthouse of the Northwest Territory. The courthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 9, 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Under the flag of France</h2><br>
<p>Following the explorations of Marquette, Jolliet and La Salle in the 1670s, the Mississippi Valley became part of New France. The adventurous French had mapped more territory than their numbers could settle, but their attention soon focused on a section of the valley south of the mouth of the Missouri River. In this region, which would later be known as the American Bottom, the alluvial soil was exceptionally fertile, and the local Native Americans, members of the Illiniwek nation or Illinois Confederacy, were friendly to the newcomers.</p><br>
<p>In the early 18th century, French-speaking immigrants, mostly from Canada, settled villages in the American Bottom such as Kaskaskia, Prairie du Rocher, and Cahokia. They lived in harmony with the Indians and named several of their villages, such as Cahokia, after constituent tribes of the Illiniwek who lived nearby.</p><br>
<p>The building now known as the Cahokia Courthouse traces its ancestry back to a French-Canadian log cabin built by one of these settlers about 1740. In line with his groups customary architecture, the unknown builder built the cabin with logs raised vertically. This was different from having the logs placed horizontally, as had become the custom among English-speaking frontiersmen farther east. The French colonial building style is called poteaux-sur-solle (French:post on sill) construction, with the buildings posts grounded in a foundation sill to retard wood rot.</p><br>
<h2>The American Bottom</h2><br>
<p>Following the American Revolution and the Treaty of Paris in 1783, the Cahokia region was transferred with the rest of the east bank of the Mississippi from Great Britain to the new United States. The alluvial region, east of the river, came to be known as the American Bottom, to distinguish it from the west bank of the river, at that time a colony of Spain.</p><br>
<p>The American frontiersmen were jealous of their right to govern themselves in local communities, and invested a substantial amount of their very limited resources to set up a legal infrastructure of local self-government. On April 27, 1790, St. Clair County, Illinois, the first county located within the Illinois region of the Northwest Territory, was organized. Soon afterwards, the 1740 Cahokia house, an unusually well-built structure, was promoted to the status of a courthouse for the new county.</p><br>
<p>Territorial law books describe the kind of decisions and court cases that were made and heard in this small building. Tangled French-American land titles were unsnarled here. Certain types of businesses, such as frontier taverns and ferryboats, required licenses that were issued from this building. Criminal cases were heard, and votes were counted.</p><br>
<p>In 1804 the federal government opened its first Illinois land office, in Kaskaskia, to sell former Native American land to settlers. Soon the population of St. Clair County grew far too large for the small log cabin to be adequate as a courthouse.</p><br>
<h2>Three times reconstructed</h2><br>
<p>In 1904, promoters for the St. Louis World&#39;s Fair discovered the old Cahokia courthouse, which by this time had become one of the oldest surviving buildings in Illinois. They bought it, dismantled it, and carried the surviving posts and other wooden pieces across the river to St. Louis for rebuilding as a fair attraction.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse appears to have survived this experience and to have excited interest from Illinoisans. At the end of the fair, the cabin was again dismantled, this time for a 1906 rebuilding in Jackson Park in Chicago.</p><br>
<p>Cahokia residents resented the fact that their oldest building had been moved to the opposite end of the state, and successfully lobbied in the 1920s for the old log cabin to be purchased and reconstructed a third time on its original site.</p><br>
<p>By this time, however, very little of the 1740 cabin remained. Each act of dismantling and reconstruction had replaced much of the original wood with new timbers. The third reconstruction was mostly a new building. The state of Illinois stated that the rebuilt Cahokia courthouse contained some pieces of timber from the original structure.</p><br>
<h2>The courthouse today</h2><br>
<p>The reconstructed Cahokia Courthouse is a historic site of the state of Illinois and is one of the oldest in the United States. Since 1985, it has been under the jurisdiction of the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency (IHPA). Exhibits focus on the issues dealt with by the court around 1800, and the history of the structures physical movements. A visitor center also features exhibits about the areas occupation by the French in the 18th century, as well as the nearby Nicholas Jarrot Mansion.</p><br>
<p>Due to state budget cuts, the IHPA temporarily closed the Cahokia Courthouse to the public from December 2008 until April 2009.</p><br>
<p>Uptown Theatre  is a massive, ornate movie palace located in the Uptown neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. Designed by Rapp and Rapp and built by Paschen Bros. contractors, it one of the many movie palaces built by the Balaban & Katz theatre chain run by A. J. Balaban, his brother Barney Balaban and their partner Sam Katz.</p><br>
<p>The largest remaining in Chicago, it boasts 4,381 seats and its interior volume is said to be larger than any other movie palace in the United States, including Radio City Music Hall in New York. It occupies over 46,000 ft&sup2; of land at the corner of Lawrence Avenue and Broadway in Chicago&#39;s Uptown Entertainment District. The mammoth theater has an ornate five story entrance lobby with an eight story façade.</p><br>
<p>Rehabilitation efforts are needed to restore and reopen this historic Chicago landmark, which has been closed to regular audiences since 1981.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Grand opening</h3><br>
<p>The Uptown Theatre opened its doors August 18, 1925, billed as "An Acre of Seats in a Magic City." The Grand Opening of the Uptown Theatre was accompanied by a "Central Uptown Parade" of over 200 floats and a grand ball at Harmon&#39;s Arcadia in Uptown. Over 12,000 people stood in line to be ticketholders in the very first audience. Several women collapsed because of exhaustion.</p><br>
<h3>Uptown Theatre staff and stage shows</h3><br>
<p>The theater opened with a staff of more than 130 people, including a full-time 34 piece orchestra, a nurse, firemen and others. Elaborate stage show productions would accompany each movie, unique in that the elaborate stage shows would follow the theme of the movie. Other chains had basic Vaudeville acts to keep patrons entertained before the movie. The Uptown Theatre is on several landmark and historic registers.</p><br>
<h3>A half century of movies</h3><br>
<p>Movies at the Uptown Theatre continued, even after stage shows ended as a way to reduce costs. In 1949, the stage shows were revived for a short time. Movies continued during the 1950s and 1960s. Notably, during that time, the television show Queen for a Day was filmed in the Uptown, with a live audience.</p><br>
<p>Movie crowds eventually dwindled, at the same time that the Uptown area was experiencing a decline of retail in the late 1960s and early 1970s.</p><br>
<h3>New life as a music venue</h3><br>
<p>In the 1970s, the theater was revived as a major concert venue, hosting local and national acts, notably the Grateful Dead several times between 1978 and 1981. The J. Geils Band was the last band to play at the theater.</p><br>
<p>The Uptown Theatre has been closed to regular events since the winter of 1981 when, due to the owner -- Plitt Theatres -- having turned off the heat, a frozen water pipe burst and caused extensive damage to the interior. In subsequent years, deferred maintenance and vandalism have led to further debilitation of the structure and ornament, both inside and out.</p><br>
<p>Since 1981, the theater has been used as a location for scenes in movies such as the Academy Award-nominated Ron Howard movie, Backdraft, the Julia Roberts and Nick Nolte movie, I Love Trouble, and the John Hughes-Chris Columbus sequel Home Alone 2: Lost in New York. In the 1990s, the theatre lobby was host to the "Hearts Party" (a gay "circuit" party), which raised money for an AIDS charity. In 2016, the theater was used for the music video for Regina Spektor&#39;s single "Black and White".</p><br>
<h3>Current restoration efforts</h3><br>
<p>In 2006, the exterior was extensively secured and terra cotta pieces were cataloged and stored for future restoration efforts. A May 21, 2007 article in Crain&#39;s Chicago Business described the Uptown Theatre as "suddenly a hot property," as three national entertainment companies were in competition to purchase, restore and reopen the Uptown Theatre.</p><br>
<p>It was purchased through a judicial sale July 29, 2008 by JAM Productions for $3.2 million and finalized in court on August 18, 2008. It is estimated it will take about $70 million to get it ready for use again. JAM currently also owns the Riviera Theatre also on Broadway, approximately one block away.</p><br>
<p>In August 2013, the fourth installment of the Transformers series had begun filming scenes in the theatre.</p><br>
<h2>Preservation advocacy</h2><br>
<p>A diverse advocacy group of friends, neighbors, historians, and theatre enthusiasts, Friends of the Uptown, founded in 1998, supports restoring the venue to its position as an entertainment and economic asset for the Uptown neighborhood. A 2006 documentary by filmmakers John Pappas and Michael Bisberg, Uptown: Portrait of a Palace, published by Compass Rose, explores the history of the Uptown Theatre and why the largest and one of the most elaborate theatres in the nation has been left vacant since 1981. Historic photos are juxtaposed with recent film footage to show how the building has survived the last eighty years. The documentary uses interviews with eight sources close to the theatre, including Alderman Mary Ann Smith; local business owner Ric Addy; Rene Rabiella, whose father once owned the theatre; Andy Pierce, volunteer and founding member of Friends of the Uptown; Bob Boin, a volunteer engineer; Dave Syfczak, caretaker; Joanne Asala and Robert Calhoun, theatre activists and co-founders of a history Web site; and Joseph DuciBella, founding member of the Theatre Historical Society and author of Theatres of Chicago, to highlight the plight of historic architecture across the country. The film premiered at the Portage Theatre in Chicago in June 2006 and has been featured on WTTW, Chicago&#39;s public television station. Uptown: Portrait of a Palace won in the "Best Documentary" category at the 11th Annual Flicker Fest.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>The Uptown Theatre is featured on the cover of a book entitled The Chicago Movie Palaces of Balaban and Katz by David Balaban, published by Arcadia Publishing.</p><br>
<h2>Notable performers</h2><br>
<p>Larry Adler</p><br>
<p>The Allman Brothers Band</p><br>
<p>Count Basie</p><br>
<p>Boston</p><br>
<p>Alice Cooper</p><br>
<p>Elvis Costello</p><br>
<p>Bing Crosby</p><br>
<p>Cheap Trick</p><br>
<p>Cheech & Chong</p><br>
<p>Charlie Daniels Band</p><br>
<p>Dire Straits</p><br>
<p>Electric Light Orchestra</p><br>
<p>Duke Ellington</p><br>
<p>Ruth Etting</p><br>
<p>Foreigner</p><br>
<p>Peter Gabriel</p><br>
<p>Jerry Garcia Band</p><br>
<p>Judy Garland</p><br>
<p>Genesis</p><br>
<p>Gentle Giant</p><br>
<p>Benny Goodman</p><br>
<p>Grateful Dead</p><br>
<p>Hall & Oates</p><br>
<p>J. Geils Band</p><br>
<p>Rick James</p><br>
<p>Kansas</p><br>
<p>The Kinks</p><br>
<p>The Knack</p><br>
<p>Bob Marley & The Wailers</p><br>
<p>Steve Miller Band</p><br>
<p>Graham Parker</p><br>
<p>Prince</p><br>
<p>The Ramones</p><br>
<p>Lou Reed</p><br>
<p>Renaissance</p><br>
<p>Roxy Music</p><br>
<p>Todd Rundgren</p><br>
<p>Leon Russell</p><br>
<p>Santana</p><br>
<p>Sister Sledge</p><br>
<p>Southside Johnny & The Asbury Jukes</p><br>
<p>Bruce Springsteen & the E Street Band</p><br>
<p>Rod Stewart</p><br>
<p>Squeeze</p><br>
<p>Supertramp</p><br>
<p>Thin Lizzy</p><br>
<p>The Tubes</p><br>
<p>The Marshall Tucker Band</p><br>
<p>Paul Whiteman</p><br>
<p>Frank Zappa</p><br>
<p>Rydal Water is a small body of water in the central part of the English Lake District, in the county of Cumbria. It is located near the hamlet of Rydal, between Grasmere and Ambleside in the Rothay Valley.</p><br>
<p>The lake is 1,290 yards (1.18 km) long and varies in width up to a maximum of 380 yards (350m), covering an area of 0.12 mi² (0.31 km²). It has a maximum depth of 65 ft (17m) and an elevation above sea level of 177 ft (54m). The lake is both supplied and drained by the river Rothay, which flows from Grasmere upstream and towards Windermere downstream.</p><br>
<p>The waters of the southern half of the lake are leased by the Lowther Estate to the National Trust, whilst those of the northern half belong to the estate of Rydal Hall. Navigation is prohibited, except for residents of Rydal Hall.</p><br>
<p>Numerous walks are possible in the surrounding hills, as well as a walk around the lake itself, which takes in Dove Cottage and Rydal Mount, both homes to William Wordsworth, and Rydal Cave, a former quarry working. At the western end of the lake, steps lead to Wordsworths Seat, which is considered to have been Wordsworths favourite viewpoint in the Lake District.</p><br>
<p>White Moss House, at the northern end of the lake, is believed to be the only house that Wordsworth ever bought. He bought it for his son Willie, and the family lived there until the 1930s. Nab Cottage overlooks the lake and it was once home to Thomas de Quincey and Hartley Coleridge, the son of Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Close by is the historic Rydal Hall.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Rydal is " the valley where rye is grown, from OE ryge and ON dalr (possibly with encouragement from OE dæl), hence the village and parish situated there....Rydal Water was formerly Routhmere, the lake of the Rothay, which runs eastwards through it.". "Wæter OE,water ModE the dominant term for lake.... ON=Old Norse; OE=Old English.</p><br>
<p>Folsom Lake is a reservoir on the American River in the Sierra Nevada foothills of California.</p><br>
<p>It is located within Placer, El Dorado, and Sacramento Counties. It is about 25 mi northeast of Sacramento. The lake contains 11,500 acres of water. The lake has a surface elevation of 466 feet. There are 75 miles of undulated shoreline surrounding the lake. Folsom Lake and the surrounding Folsom Lake State Recreation Area is one of the most visited parks in the California Park system.</p><br>
<p>The largest and most natural part of the lake area is the Peninsula which is approximately 1,465 acres.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Folsom Lake reservoir is formed by Folsom Dam, built in 1955 to control and retain the American River. The dam and reservoir are part of the Folsom Project, which also includes the Nimbus afterbay reservoir and dam facilities. The Folsom Project, operated by the United States Bureau of Reclamation, is part of the Central Valley Project, a multipurpose project that provides flood control, hydroelectricity, drinking water, and water for irrigation.</p><br>
<p>When the dam was built it was designed to hold 976,000 acre.ft with a surface area of 11,450 acre. The Dam is 1400 feet wide and 340 feet high, it is a concrete structure with approximately 9 miles of earth fill wing dams and dikes supporting its surrounding areas.</p><br>
<p>During the drought of late 2013, part of the 2012–14 North American drought, the town known as Mormon Island reappeared 58 years after being submerged under Folsom Lake, with stone walls from some of the outlying areas being revealed by the shrinking lake.</p><br>
<h2>Folsom Lake State Recreation Area</h2><br>
<p>The Folsom Lake State Recreation Area (SRA) surrounds the reservoir, and is managed by the California Department of Parks and Recreation. It is widely used for recreation, with areas designated for hiking, camping, and biking.The lake is also commonly used for fishing, boating, water-skiing, and even horseback riding.</p><br>
<p>The recreation area is Located at the union of the north and south forks of the American River. There are 20,000 acres of water and land within the boundaries of the SRA. The State Recreation Area spans across three counties: El Dorado, Placer, Sacramento as well as the City of Folsom.</p><br>
<p>The majority of the SRA is owned by the US Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclamation, and the area is managed by the state parks.</p><br>
<p>There are two major freeways that feed access to the SRA, Highway 80 and Highway 50. A number of local roadways, trails, and public transportation routes access the SRA. Six key roadways that access the SRA are Douglas Boulevard, Auburn/Folsom Road, Folsom Boulevard, East Natoma Street, Green Valley Road, and Salmon Falls Road. The most recognized regional trails are Jedidiah Smith Memorial Trail and Pioneer Express Trail. The public transport that accesses the SRA include Placer County Transit, Folsom Stageline, Roseville Transit and Sacramento Regional Transit.</p><br>
<p>The lake supports a large number of recreational activities. Aquatic activities account for 85% of all recreation visits to the SRA.</p><br>
<p>Additional activities include Personal water crafts, wakeboarding, sailing, swimming, cruising, paddling, and nature appreciation.</p><br>
<p>The fishing is tough due to the always rising and falling water levels of the lake. Fish species include largemouth bass, smallmouth bass, and spotted bass, as well as rainbow trout, Kokanee salmon, catfish, sunfish, squawfish, and carp.</p><br>
<p>There are five major day use areas on the lake, Granite Bay, Beales Point, Folsom Point, Negro Bar, and Nimbus Flats.</p><br>
<p>Granite Bay and Beals Point are the primary visitor areas on the western shoreline of Folsom Lake, with large day-use areas that include swim beaches, boat launch facilities, restrooms, landscaped picnic areas, snack food and beach equipment concessions, trailheads and associated parking. The Granite Bay facility includes a multi-use activity center which is available to rent and the Beals Point includes a 69-site campground. The smaller and more remote rattlesnake Bar visitor area provides boat launch facilities and informal access to the shoreline for fishing, swimming and picnicking.</p><br>
<p>The eastern shoreline is home to Brown’s Ravine and Folsom Point. Brown’s Ravine includes the Folsom Lake Marina which provides 675 wet slips, 175 dry storage spaces, boat launch areas, marine provisions and fueling stations, small picnic area, and restrooms. Folsom Point includes a picnic area, boat launch, and restrooms.</p><br>
<p>Some of the facilities at these locations include: swim beaches, picnic areas, food and beach equipment concessions, equestrian staging areas, restrooms and drinking water fountains, trail heads with over 94 miles of trails (utilized by hikers, runners, mountain bikers, and horseback riders)</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>California buckeye, blue oak, valley oak, digger pines, black oaks and occasionally oracle oaks populate the area surrounding the lake. A variety of wildflowers thrive in the Spring, Indian paintbrush, California poppy, larkspur, lupine, bordicaea, fiddleneck, Dutchman&#39;s pipe and monkey flower can be seen throughout the SRA.</p><br>
<p>A number of mammals inhabit the lake area including, coyotes, gray foxes, rabbits, skunks, raccoon, ground squirrels, black tailed deer, opossums, and on occasion mountain lions and bobcats have been sighted.</p><br>
<p>A number of birds call Folsom Lake home year round, bushtits, quails, wrens, scrub jays, black birds and towhees. Near the water visitors often see kingfishers, red-tailed hawks, eagles, kestlers, gulls and other raptors looking for a meal.</p><br>
<h2>Flood Control</h2><br>
<p>For eight months of the year, October 1 through May 31, the dam and lake is utilized to prevent flooding on the lower end of the American River. The Sacramento basin is notorious for flooding and the dam helps relieve winter storm runoff and snow melt from the Sierra.</p><br>
<p>It is a major component of the American River Watershed. During the summer months, water is released to prevent Salt Water Intrusion in the San Joaquin Delta. These water releases maintain water quality and keep ideal water temperatures for anadromous fish species such as Chinook-Salmon, Steelhead and American Shad. Several of these species are of primary concern due to their decline in numbers and spawning habitat destruction.</p><br>
<p>Water in Lake Folsom is also utilized for drinking water and power generation throughout the year. As a reservoir, the water levels in the lake fluctuate between 440 feet in the early summer and 405 feet in the early winter. In drought years, the water levels can be drawn below 400 feet in elevation. Some of the factors that affect these levels include, precipitation, downstream flows and fishery needs.</p><br>
<p>Joss House Bay, also known as Tai Miu Wan indigenously, is near the south end of Clear Water Bay Peninsula in Hong Kong. The Cantonese name Tai Miu Wan means "the bay of large temple" after the oldest Tin Hau Temple in Hong Kong.</p><br>
<h2>Tin Hau Temple</h2><br>
<p>The Tin Hau Temple was a large joss house built in 1266. It is the oldest and biggest Tin Hau Temple in Hong Kong so it is called the Big Temple. It is a Grade I Historic Building. The temple is located near Fat Tong Mun, the channel between the peninsula and Tung Lung Chau on the major channel along the sea route in the South China. It was founded by the Lam family in former Po Kong in Kowloon.</p><br>
<h2>Rock inscription</h2><br>
<p>The rock inscription at Joss House Bay is a declared monument of Hong Kong since 1979. This inscription is dated to the Jiashu year of the Xianchun reign in the Southern Song Dynasty (i.e. 1274 AD). It is the oldest dated inscription in Hong Kong, and records a visit by Yan Yizhang, an officer in charge of the salt administration, and a friend. It also gives the history of two temples, north and south of Joss House Bay.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>A regular green minibus (Route 16) operates between MTR Po Lam Station Public Transport Interchange and Po Toi O. Visitors should alight at the Tai Miu Wan stop (near the entrance to Clearwater Bay Golf & Country Club) and walk for about 10 minutes down a flight of stairs to Joss House Bay, passing the rock inscription on the way down.</p><br>
<p>Every year during Tin Hau Festival, New World First Ferry operates a special ferry service between North Point and Joss House Bay for worshippers. This service is regulated by the Transport Department over two designated days: the day preceding the Tin Hau Festival and the day of the Tin Hau Festival. Both fast ferry and ordinary ferry services are provided. Thousands of worshippers typically use this service. A general summary of fares and departure times can be found on the Transport Department website.</p><br>
<p>Law Uk  is a former Hakka village house located in Chai Wan, Hong Kong. Named after the surname of the family who had previously lived in the house, it was built in the mid-18th century during the Qing Dynasty, about ninety years before the British took possession of Hong Kong Island. It was rediscovered in the 1970s and is a declared monument of Hong Kong. After being restored, the house was turned into the Law Uk Folk Museum, which serves as a branch of the Hong Kong Museum of History. It is the only example of Hakka architecture left in the area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>It is not definitively known when Law Uk was completed, but it is estimated that the house was constructed in the mid 18th-century. This was about the time when the Law family first moved to Hong Kong from Baoan County in Guangdong province. The approximate date of construction is further backed up by official documents from the Qing Dynasty that dated from 1767 and 1796. The existence of these documents—which were in the Law familys possession—only came to light when Law Uk was rediscovered. At the time it was built, the house was located on Hong Kong Island&#39;s waterfront with Victoria Harbour. However, it is now situated much farther inland due to the amount of land reclamation that has been undertaken over the years.</p><br>
<p>The area around present-day Chai Wan was uninhabited and simply featured barren and forested land. When the Laws moved there, they were part of an entourage of approximately 300 Hakka people, who settled in the area and subsequently established a village. The Law family, however, were impoverished rice farming peasants who also raised chickens and pigs on their farm.</p><br>
<p>One of Law Uks wings was destroyed during the Battle of Hong Kong in 1941, when a Japanese shell was dropped onto it. Nonetheless, the village lifestyle of the Hakka continued through the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong until 1945. This ended up "destroy the Hakkas way of life." Due to the shortage of land, the Hakka village was cleared and demolished, and Chai Wan was transformed into an industrial area with many public housing estates. As a result, the Law family moved out of the house in 1960 and were resettled into one of the surrounding housing estates. This was a similar situation for the other villagers, whose descendants now live in apartment complexes close to where the village once stood.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>Before its rediscovery, Law Uk was left in a derelict state and utilized as a workshop that produced metallic furniture. This caused the building to be a fire hazard, due to the spray paints and other flammable goods stored inside. The Resettlement Department rediscovered the house in the early 1970s and urged the curator of the new Hong Kong Museum of History—which opened in July 1975—to buy and renovate Law Uk.</p><br>
<p>The building was ultimately restored and reopened as the Law Uk Folk Museum in 1989. on 10 November. The museum served as one of the three branches of the Hong Kong Museum of History, along with the Hong Kong Museum of Coastal Defence and the Lei Cheng Uk Han Tomb Museum. This has now been expanded to five branches with the addition of the Fireboat Alexander Grantham Exhibition Gallery and the Dr Sun Yat-sen Museum. Due to its modest size and less-than-ideal location among industrial factories, the museum experienced poor attendance over the years. Because of this, the Museum of Hong Kong had contemplated on closing the Law Uk Folk Museum. However, it still remains open and operating to this day.</p><br>
<p>Law Uk is the sole surviving village house and the last example of traditional Hakka housing in Chai Wan.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Law Uk has been described as a "typical" Hakka house, consisting of five rooms that could house approximately ten people. Centered around the main hall, the house was designed to be symmetrical and features a lightwell at the front of the hall. This was key as the house did not have many windows, for fear of robbers and pirates.</p><br>
<p>As part of the restoration in the 1980s, a new annex to the house was built that matched the overall architectural style of Law Uk.</p><br>
<p>Mākaro/Ward island is one of the three small islands in Wellington Harbour, at the Southern end of the North Island, New Zealand.</p><br>
<p>Ward Island is on the eastern side of the harbour, about 1.7 km west of the town of Eastbourne. It is about 250 m long and 80 m wide, with the long axis aligned north/south. The significantly larger Matiu/Somes Island lies about 5 km northwest.</p><br>
<p>Maori tradition is that both of these islands received their original Māori names from Kupe, the semi-legendary first navigator to reach New Zealand and get home again with reports of the new land, but this cannot be verified. He purportedly named them after his two daughters (or, in some versions of the tale, nieces) when he first entered the harbour about 1000 years ago.</p><br>
<p>The bulk of Ward Island consists of a steep sided block of yellowy/brown argilite, with a more or less flat top. There is a beach of greywacke shingle along the east side of the island. The rest of the coastline is rocky except for a pair of smaller beaches on the western side, backed by cliffs about 20m high. Numerous small reefs surround the island, particularly at the southern end. The main shipping channel to the ports of Wellington and Seaview passes to the west of Ward Island. The passage between Ward and Eastbourne is too shallow for vessels of any size.</p><br>
<p>The island has been used as a defence work in both ancient and modern times. A Ngati Ira Pa of refuge (which as such was not usually inhabited) existed on the island in the early 19th century. There was no construction there – the island itself, with its sheer cliffs, served as the refuge. During the Second World War a 1.8 km wooden piled anti-submarine barrier was built between Robinson Bay and the eastern shore of the island, and a net suspended from buoys extended from the western side of the island to Kau Point on the western harbour shore. Other than a few concrete blocks on the western side of the island there are no remains of these extensive structures to be seen today.</p><br>
<p>The island is a popular destination for recreational watercraft of all kinds. The reefs and the rocky coast provide good fishing and snorkelling opportunities. Off the southern end beds of seaweed provide shelter for abundant fish life, and opportunities for collecting edible shellfish such as Paua and green lipped mussels.</p><br>
<p>Mākaro street in Eastbourne is named after the island that can be seen at the seaward end of its short east-west length.</p><br>
<h2>The island ecosystem</h2><br>
<p>Ward Island is a designated DOC scientific reserve and as such, camping, fires and dogs are not permitted there.</p><br>
<p>The island is home to a small population of seagulls and other seabirds, which nest on the steep slopes of the island. The island is otherwise uninhabited.</p><br>
<p>As an ongoing measure to ensure that a rodent population does not become established, DOC has been maintaining bait stations filled with pellets containing Brodifacoum poison on the island since 2005.</p><br>
<p>New Spicer Meadow Reservoir is a reservoir in the Sierra Nevada, within the Stanislaus National Forest in eastern Tuolumne County, California.</p><br>
<p>It is located near the western Alpine County line, at an elevation of 6,621 ft.</p><br>
<h2>Water and power</h2><br>
<p>The 189,000 acre.foot reservoir is formed by New Spicer Meadow Dam on Highland Creek, a tributary of the Stanislaus River. The 265 ft tall dam is composed of rock-fill and was completed in 1989. Additional water is diverted from the North Fork of the Stanislaus River by the North Fork Diversion Dam and a two-mile (3 km) tunnel.</p><br>
<p>Downstream from the dam and reservoir, the water continues flowing in Highland Creek until its confluence with the North Fork of the Stanislaus River.</p><br>
<p>Calaveras County Water District owns the dam. Water from the reservoir supplies drinking water and water for recreation and irrigation. Also, along with the Northern California Power Agency, the water district sells electricity from the 5.5-MW hydroelectric plant at the base of the dam. They also operate the 253-MW Collierville Powerhouse on the North Fork of the Stanislaus River.</p><br>
<p>Lovely Seat, originally known as Lunasett until being misnamed by map makers some time in the twentieth century, is a fell in the Yorkshire Dales National Park in North Yorkshire, England. It reaches a height of 675 metres . It is situated at grid reference five kilometres  north of the town of Hawes, and is part of the high ground which separates Wensleydale from Swaledale. It is the highest point of Abbotside Common. The fell is separated from its neighbour to the west, Great Shunner Fell, by the Buttertubs Pass which carries the minor motor road between Hawes in Wensleydale and Thwaite in Swaledale. The name Lunasett derives from the Norse dialect moon pasture; Commoners of Abbotside still use the original name.</p><br>
<p>The fell is very rarely climbed directly from the valley and is usually ascended from the top of the Buttertubs Pass in conjunction with nearby Great Shunner Fell. The latter is climbed first from Hawes or Thwaite using the Pennine Way, after which it is a short walk to descend to the top of the pass and then climb to the summit of Lovely Seat following a fence which helps navigation in bad conditions.</p><br>
<p>The summit is adorned by a fair-sized cairn and a stone-built chair, and gives good views of the Yorkshire Three Peaks to the south. 300 metres west of the summit are a series of stone cairns which are clearly visible on the skyline when the fell is viewed from a distance.</p><br>
<h2>Footnote</h2><br>
<p>Lovely Seat was added to the list of Marilyns in 1998, but was resurveyed in May 2010 and found to lack the required 150m prominence to qualify for inclusion and therefore has been removed from the list.</p><br>
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<p>Courtright Reservoir is a reservoir in Fresno County, California. The reservoir is at an elevation of 8,170 feet  in the Sierra National Forest, in the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range, bordering the John Muir Wilderness.</p><br>
<p>The high Sierra reservoir is formed by Courtright Dam in Helms Creek canyon and has a capacity of 123,300 acre.ft. The dam is composed of rock-fill and is 315 feet (96 m) tall, measured from the crest to the original streambed. It was completed in 1958 and is owned by Pacific Gas and Electric. Its primary purpose is hydroelectricity production.</p><br>
<p>The lake is an "off-river" (or "off-channel") storage reservoir. In addition to the small amount of conventional hydroelectricity production from the flow of Helms Creek, Courtright Reservoir serves mainly as the upper reservoir for the Helms Pumped Storage Plant. Wishon Reservoir, an on-channel reservoir a couple of miles downstream on the Kings River, is the lower reservoir and main water source. During times of peak demand for electricity, when it is most expensive, water is drained from Courtright Reservoir, run through the 1,212 MW Helms Power Plant and empties into Wishon Reservoir. When demand and prices for electricity are low, water is pumped from Wishon Reservoir to Courtright Reservoir using the power plants reversible turbines. Helms Power Plant is 1,000 feet (300 m) underground in a chamber carved out of solid granite at the north end of Wishon Lake. It is similar to Southern California Edisons Eastwood Powerhouse near Shaver Lake, which is also a pumped-storage plant.</p><br>
<p>Courtright Reservoir is a haven for weekend and outdoor enthusiasts seeking to camp, fish, hike, boat, swim, rock climb, and 4x4 among others. It is surrounded by unique domes of granite that are essentially in the center of the Sierra Batholith and are highly sought after by rock climbers from all around. It is also used during warmer-weather months by local astronomers, such as members of the Central Valley Astronomers, who take advantage of its 8,170 feet (2,490 m) elevation and excellent location for night sky viewing free from light and air pollution.</p><br>
<p>St. Peters Cathedral is the Roman Catholic cathedral at 315 Wyoming Avenue in Scranton, Pennsylvania, and is the mother church of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Scranton. The entire St. Peters Cathedral Complex is listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The church was built in 1867, as the parish church of St. Vincent de Paul. In 1883-4, a project was undertaken to remodel and embellish the church, which by now was the central church of the diocese, and on September 28, 1884, the new mother church of the diocese was consecrated by Archbishop P. J. Ryan of Philadelphia, and its name changed to the Cathedral of St. Peter, marking its new role in the still-young diocese. The cathedral complex includes the adjacent rectory (1908) and convent.</p><br>
<p>The original windows of the church contained simple red and white diamond-shaped panes. The stained glass windows now found in the cathedral date from the alterations begun in 1883. Much of this work can be attributed to the architect Edwin Forrest Durang and later to the German designer Frank Mayer. In addition to the use of stained glass in the clerestory and over the entrances, there are 15 grandiose windows focusing on the life of Christ and highlighting the Virgin Mary and other saints. Of special note are the windows depicting the Annunciation, the Visitation, the Nativity, and the Last Supper.</p><br>
<p>The complex was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The present organ was built in 1979 by Casavant Frères of Quebec, Canada, the firm&#39;s Opus 3414.</p><br>
<p>In February 2008, the cathedral was chosen by EWTN&#39;s Cathedrals Across America series to host the globally televised Mass for the Feast of the Chair of St. Peter.</p><br>
<h2>Cathedral staff</h2><br>
<p>The Most Reverend Joseph C. Bambera, Bishop of Scranton</p><br>
<p>The Reverend Thomas M. Muldowney, V.G., in residence</p><br>
<p>The Reverend Brian J. T. Clarke, in residence</p><br>
<p>Kathy Geiger, administrative assistant</p><br>
<p>Daniel J. Marx, director of liturgical music</p><br>
<p>Jack Schimelfenig, sacristan</p><br>
<p>Bad Medicine Lake is a spring-fed lake located in Forest Township in Becker County, Minnesota. It got its name from the fact that early Native Americans in the area thought that a lake with neither inlet nor outlet was a place of bad omen  and would not hunt or fish near the lake.</p><br>
<p>The lake is approximately five miles long, a half mile wide, and reaches depths of up to 90 ft. It is known for its clear, cold waters and rainbow trout fishing. It has experienced dramatic changes in its fish habitat and fish community in the last 35 years. Regarded as a bass/panfish lake in the 1950s and 1960s, the lake is now managed primarily for rainbow trout and walleye. The DNR turned Bad Medicine Lake into a trout lake in 1977, following an explosion of native crayfish that eliminated the vegetation used by bass and panfish. Roughly 16,000 rainbow trout are stocked annually, including Kamloops and Madison strains.</p><br>
<p>There are three active resorts located on the lake. Bad Medicine Resort and Campground is owned by Don Tschudi. Veronen&#39;s Resort is a family owned and operated campground established in the late 1940s by Bill and Gertie Veronen. The third resort is High Pines Resort owned by Ray and Lynette Vlasak.</p><br>
<p>The Louisville Free Public Library  is the largest public library system in Kentucky. Officially opened in 1905, the librarys main branch is sited at Fourth and York streets, south of Broadway in downtown Louisville. The librarys Head of Reference from its opening until 1910 was Marilla Waite Freeman, who would go on to become one of the most well-known librarians in the country.</p><br>
<p>Additional branches were added over time, including the Western Colored Branch, which was the first Carnegie-housed library in the USA built solely for African Americans.</p><br>
<p>During the flood of 1937 the museum, which was located in the basement, was forced to move to the Monserrat school.</p><br>
<p>In 1950 the library became the first library in the nation to put its own FM-radio station on the air—WFPL. A second station, WFPK, joined it a few years later. Then in 1969, a $4 million north building was added to the classicizing Carnegie structure. This provided an additional 110,000 ft&sup2; of floor space, compared to the 42,000 sq ft (3,900 m²) in the original building.</p><br>
<p>At one time LFPL had over 30 branches, but because of lack of funding a number of branches were forced to close. Currently, there are 17 branches, in addition to the main library site. Internet services and inter-library loan have helped to make up for fewer branches.</p><br>
<p>In 2007, a proposed tax increase to pay for Louisville Free Public Library improvements and ongoing costs was soundly defeated in spite of strong support by many political and business leaders. Nonetheless, with the help of the Library Foundation and community support a new education and technology driven was completed and opened in the Newburg area (a traditionally underserved community) in August 2009.</p><br>
<p>In early August 2009 the main branch was flooded when a storm dropped 7 inches (18 cm) of water on the city in 75 minutes. The library servers, bookmobiles, offices, and processing rooms were under 6 feet (180 cm) of water. 50,000 books were destroyed, and the building severely damaged with a total estimate of $5 million. Structural, mechanical, electrical, and computer systems damage were near complete forcing the main library to close for several weeks. Other branches in the system in hard hit areas were closed for a few days while damage was assessed and cleanup undertaken. Overall, however, the library system itself remained open for business throughout the event. The last time the main building flooded was in the Ohio River flood of 1937. Three other branches of the library system were damaged or affected in the flooding as well: Bon Air Regional Branch, Iroquois Branch, and Shawnee Branch libraries. Despite the level of damage, library services at all branches, including the main, have been able to return to near full service.</p><br>
<h2>Renovations and improvements</h2><br>
<p>The August 2009 flooding dumped 3 feet (1 m) of water into the basement of the Louisville Free Public Library&#39;s Main Library the damages to the facility and its holdings amounted to nearly $8 million. Library management decided that rather than simply repair the damage, they would move ahead with plans to renovate and improve the Main Library with millions of dollars in capital improvements, especially its South Building, which fronts on York Street. By the end of 2010, the library expects to have spent about</p><br>
<p>Moore River is a river in the Wheatbelt region of Western Australia.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The headwaters of the Moore River lie in the Perenjori, Carnamah and Dalwallinu Shires. The river then drains southwards through Moora, flows westerly before joining with the Moore River East near Mogumber, then flows in a westerly direction over the Edengerie Cascade, through the northern edge of the Moore River Nature Reserve, then through the Gingin Scarp, discharging into the Indian Ocean at Guilderton.</p><br>
<p>The river includes a catchment that extends from just south of Three Springs to Guilderton. The catchment has a total area of 13,800 km&sup2; and is 80% cleared for agriculture. The catchment area is used for broadacre farming but with increasing diversification in horticulture and tree plantations. The river mouth at Guilderton typically closes during the summer months due to insufficient water flow, creating a sandbar.</p><br>
<p>The river has nine subcatchment areas and has a number of tributaries and lakes along the length of the river. The salinity levels in the river catchment vary from brackish to saline with the exception of Gingin Brook which remains fresh throughout the year.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Aboriginal people referred to the lower part of the river as Garban. It was renamed River Moore in May 1836 by Corporal Patrick Heffron of the 63rd Regiment of Foot, after his expedition leader George Fletcher Moore, Advocate-General. The exploratory party comprised Moore, Heffron and an Aboriginal man named Weenat. Heffron was notable for his participation in the Battle of Pinjarra in 1834.</p><br>
<p>The river is prone to periodic flooding unusually following cyclones and tropical depressions crossing the coast further north. In 1907, the railway lines between Watheroo and Moora were closed for some time when parts of the track were washed away.</p><br>
<p>More floods occurred in 1917 when 1.7 in of rain fell in three hours at Mogumber with similar falls in surrounding areas. Moora was once again left underwater and rail services in surrounding areas were suspended. Low-lying areas at other towns such as Arrino, Three Springs and Coorow were also submerged.</p><br>
<p>In 1932 the river flooded once again following heavy rains in the Midland districts. Railway lines were undermined to a depth of 30 ft leaving Moora isolated from Perth by both road and rail. The township of Moora was left 3 ft underwater and portions of the town had to be evacuated. Crops and some stock were lost as result of the floodwaters.</p><br>
<p>Mount Saint Nicholas is a peak in the remote southwestern section of Glacier National Park, in Montana, United States. It is a particularly steep, pointed rock pinnacle, and its distinctive profile is visible from many summits in the southern half of the park. Because even its easiest ascent route is technical, with poor rock quality, it is "considered the most dangerous and difficult mountain for climbers in Glacier National Park."</p><br>
<p>Mount Saint Nicholas excels in terms of steep vertical relief, even by the high standards prevalent in Glacier National Park. For example, its northwest face rises one vertical mile (5,280 ft/1,609 m) in approximately 1.5 horizontal miles (7,920 ft/2.4 km). Due to its pointed shape and isolation from the Continental Divide, it has similarly precipitous drops in all directions.</p><br>
<p>In 1926, Reverend Conrad Wellen, of Havre, Montana, made the first ascent of Mount Saint Nicholas. This was a significant achievement, since the mountain had been considered by many to be unclimbable. The standard route is the Northeast Ridge. Starting from the east side of the peak, this route begins with a straightforward scramble up a gully to a prominent notch. From the notch a thousand vertical feet of somewhat technical climbing remain.</p><br>
<p>Porpoise Bay is in the Catlins, on the southern coast of New Zealand&#39;s South Island. The bay sweeps gently from North Head, at the entrance to Waikawa Harbour, around to South Head. A campground overlooking the bay is situated on South Head, which separates Porpoise Bay from Curio Bay.</p><br>
<p>A pod of endangered Hector&#39;s dolphins live here; dolphin-watching tours are conducted by boat from Waikawa, but they also can often be seen from the beach. In 2007, the Department of Conservation proposed including the bay in a group of new sanctuaries designed to protect marine mammals, some calling for a complete ban on set nets. Local fishermen protested, fearing for their livelihood.</p><br>
<p>Other notable wildlife regularly seen are yellow-eyed penguin, blue penguin, New Zealand fur seal, and New Zealand sea lion.</p><br>
<p>Located in Morristown, New Jersey, USA, the Ford Mansion is a classic 18th-century American home built by Jacob Ford, Jr. in 1774 and now owned by the National Park Service as a part of the Morristown National Historical Park.</p><br>
<p>It was acquired by the Washington Association of New Jersey in 1873. The Georgian-styled mansion is known for being George Washington&#39;s headquarters from December 1779 to June 1780 during the American Revolutionary War.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house has a Georgian-style exterior, but the interior kitchen and framing shows evidence of Dutch influence. According to Alan Gowan, "the boarding of the Ford Mansion was laid evenly painted and scored to look like a fine masonry with quoins at the corners". The mansion was made with palladian window above the door and a stylish cornice. The fancy architecture was not created to look appealing, but to showcase the wealth of the family who owned the building.</p><br>
<p>The headmasters section of the house was built with symmetrical rooms on both side of the foyer. The office is across from the library and the parlour is across from the dining room. On the second floor there are symmetrical bedrooms for each side of the hallway. The servants section of the house was near the kitchen and the pantry on the east side. The grand hall and the parlor are what categorized the house as a mansion. Unlike most mansions at the time, the Ford Mansion did not use bricks for the exterior, but painted flush board and clapboards.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>George Washington and the Continental Army were obliged to set up an encampment in Morristown because of transportation problems. Washington liked Morristown&#39;s "defensible terrain, important communication routes, and access to critical resources.". The Ford family had businesses in iron mines, iron forges, a gristmill, a hemp-mill, and a gunpowder mill that were all stationed near the house. These businesses were useful to the army in getting resources.</p><br>
<p>The surrounding community was made up of 250 residents and 70 buildings. In 1777, many high-ranking officials rented these houses. Unfortunately, there was an epidemic of smallpox that spread through the town from the soldiers, making the townspeople somewhat bitter to Washington&#39;s troops when they arrived in 1779.</p><br>
<p>Washingtons army was stationed at Jockey Hollow while Washington stayed in Ford Mansion. Jockey Hollow is five miles south of Washingtons Headquarters.</p><br>
<h2>Ownership</h2><br>
<p>The Ford Mansion was originally owned by Colonel Jacob Ford Jr. He was given the deed to the two hundred acres of land by his father in 1762, which was the same year he married Theodosia Johnes. Before serving in the war, Jacob Jr. and his father owned an iron forge in Whippany, New Jersey.</p><br>
<p>Ford built the house just south of the Whippany River, making it easier to travel to work.</p><br>
<p>Jacob was a commander of the Morris County Militia. Ford died from pneumonia on January 11, 1777, in the mansion house. Thirty-five Delaware troops witnessed the death of Jacob Ford Jr.</p><br>
<p>Before his death, Ford and his soldiers captured a bronze, six-pounder field cannon from the British Army on January 3, 1777, at the victory in Princeton, New Jersey. According to Morristown National Historical Park, "with artillery and arms in short supply, the victory at Princeton not only boosted the morale of the Continental Army, but it bolstered their scant arsenal of weapons.". Jacob Ford Jr. is noted for his bravery in tours of the Ford Mansion offered by the National Park Service.</p><br>
<p>The rangers at Morristown National Historical Park advise Jacob Jr. was not at the Battle of Princeton (January 3, 1777). He was at the Second Battle of Trenton (January 2, 1777) and others and was noted that the militia under his command was allowed to respond to British attacks nearby in conjunction with the Continental Army. This coordination was not commonplace. The cannon that was captured at the Battle of Princeton is on display at the museum on the property of the Ford Mansion along with other field guns of the era.</p><br>
<h2>Resistance of 1779–1780</h2><br>
<p>After Ford&#39;s death, Mrs. Theodosia Ford gained ownership of the mansion. According to Pfister, "she was forced to accept a leadership role in the family. After her husband and father-in-law’s death, Mrs. Ford held the family together and kept the farm and family business a profitable endeavor".</p><br>
<p>Prior to Washington&#39;s arrival, the house was considered a "great human tragedy for the Ford family" because in 1777, the house was rented to an overabundance of Continental Army troops that developed smallpox. When Washington arrived, he asked permission from the widow if he could stay in the mansion and paid her for rent. General Washington, Martha Washington, five aides-de-camp, and 18 servants stayed in the mansion.</p><br>
<p>Theodosia Ford and her four children occupied two of the four downstairs bedrooms and reserved the kitchen for her own personal use. Her daughter, Elizabeth Ford, who was 12 when Washington stayed at the mansion, stayed in her mothers room. During the winter months of 1779 to 1780 she read and learned a total of 25 stitches. Theodosias boys stayed in another room downstairs. The room featured two doors. One door lead to the servants side of the house above the pantry and the other door lead to the center hall. The boy’s room was more of a recreational room with muskets and Chinese checkers, which is displayed in the Washingtons Headquarters Museum at Morristown National Historical Park. The names of the boys were Jacob, Gabriel, and Timothy Ford. Jacob was eight, Gabriel was fifteen, and Timothy was seventeen during Washington&#39;s stay.</p><br>
<h2>Commander-in-Chief</h2><br>
<p>Washington arrived at Ford mansion in December 1779. According to Pfister, the mansion was one of the biggest houses in town at that time. The location was perfect for Washington because the American capital was in Philadelphia and the British Army capital was in Manhattan. It allowed Washington to keep a close eye on the British and enabled him to send letters successfully to the Continental congress.</p><br>
<p>Washington wrote many letters to congress explaining the poor predicament that his troops were in during his stay at the Ford Mansion. His place of work was in the private study, which was located on the first floor of the house. Washingtons aides-de-camp worked in the parlor, which became the military office. These included Alexander Hamilton, Robert H. Harrison, Tench Tilghman, Richard Meade and James McHenry. According to Pfister, the only record of Washingtons stay at the mansion was a letter from Richard Meade to Mrs. Ford, dated July 26, 1780. The letter has been transcribed in the Library of Congress and reads:</p><br>
<p>Madam: I have received your favour by Captain Tomas Pry. I communicated its contents to His Excellency and am directed to transmit you the inclosed certificate. I have the honour and I certify that the commander in Chief took up his quarters at Mrs. Fords at Morris Town the first day of December 1779, that he left them the 23d of June 1780, and that he occupied two rooms below; all the upper floor, Kitchen, Cellar and Stable. The Stable was built and the two Rooms above Stairs finished at the public expence, and a well, which was intirely useless and filled up before, put in thorough repair by walling & c. Head Quarters near Passaick July 26th. 1780.</p><br>
<p>Osogovo  or Osogovska Planina  is a mountain and ski resort between southwestern Bulgaria  and northeastern Republic of Macedonia, . It is about 110 km long and 50 km wide, the highest peak being Ruen  at 2251 m, which constitutes the main orthographic knot on the very border between Bulgaria and the Republic of Macedonia. The steepest slope of the mountain is in the west, stretching down from Carev Vrv .</p><br>
<p>Osogovo is the northernmost and highest part of the Osogovo-Belasica group and is situated between the Kyustendil and Kamenitsa Valleys, Dobro pole and Bregalnica and Kriva Reka river valleys. The west slopes are steep and the southeast ones are slant. The mountain is rich in polymetal ores.</p><br>
<p>There are many legends about the origin of name Osogovo, but the most famous one is that it was given by the Saxon miners who were mining gold and silver in the region in the past. According to this legend, the name originates from the Old Germanic words "osso" (god) and "gov" (place) which means "a divine place".</p><br>
<p>The mountain itself is a powerful granite massif of crystal rocks. It has a prominent volcanic relief made of conic peaks and volcanic tuff.</p><br>
<p>The flora distinguishes vertical coverage: an under-mountainous zone up to 1000 m where trees like oak, elm, hornbeam, ash, hazel and others can be found; a mountainous zone (1000–1800 m) covered mostly with beech trees; and a sub-alpine zone covered with grass pastures and bushes of juniper trees. The mountain rivers and streams are a natural habitat for the barbell, the chub and the mountain trout.</p><br>
<p>Deciduous and coniferous forests dominate. The area is inhabited by the rare Alpine Newt. The nature and climate conditions allow for all-year tourism. Important towns at the foot of Osogovo are Kyustendil to the northeast in Bulgaria and Kočani and Kriva Palanka to the west and southwest in the Republic of Macedonia.</p><br>
<p>Osogovo Monastery is situated on the mountain.</p><br>
<p>Osogovo Bay in Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Osogovo.</p><br>
<p>Goose Pond is a 625 acre water body located in Grafton County in western New Hampshire, United States, in the towns of Canaan and Hanover. It is considered a great pond by the state of New Hampshire. The lake has 6.3 mi of shoreline, and is approximately 3 mi long by 0.5 mi wide. All but the northernmost end of the pond is in the town of Canaan. The average depth of the pond is approximately 10 ft, with the deepest part approximately 35 ft. The lake is part of the Mascoma River watershed, flowing to the Connecticut River.</p><br>
<p>There is evidence of Goose Pond in the late 1700s. According to legend, George Harris and his party in 1767 came upon a sheet of water near Hanover, whose surface seemed to be alive with wild geese and ducks. They killed a goose - an old one - and cooked it all day, and then it was tough. It never got to be a tender goose, and to commemorate this circumstance they named that water "Goose Pond."</p><br>
<p>A small wooden dam was built in 1899 which probably increased the size of the pond. The present dam was built in 1917-18 and was repaired in 1952 and 1990. It has served as an energy reserve for the Lebanon mills, and for hydroelectric plants. New Hampshire Water Resources currently holds the rights, and still sells waterpower once a year in a draw-down, generating funds to maintain the dam. The pond continues to serve as an important recreational, scenic, and ecological resource in the Mascoma River watershed.</p><br>
<p>There are two islands on the pond, known as “The Big island” and The Little Island”, and there is one public boat launch area, known as “The Acre”, owned by the state. At The Acre there is a small public beach, and another near the dam at the southern tip of the pond. There is no overnight camping and fires are not allowed at The Acre, the dam area, or on the Little or the Big Island. Fires are allowed on private property with a free permit from the fire warden.</p><br>
<p>There are 160 cottages or homes directly on or across the road from the pond, with over 30 that are used by year-round residents. The shoreline is primarily owned by the state, with a few privately owned shores.</p><br>
<p>A variety of wildlife are seen (and heard) near the pond throughout the year, including moose, bear, deer, wild turkeys, fox, and coyote. Otters, beavers and minks are often seen near the shoreline, and turtles can often be spotted in the pond. The bird population is very diverse, including osprey, eagles, great blue herons, plover, kingfisher, Canadian geese, a variety of ducks, and loons.</p><br>
<p>The lake is classified as a warmwater fishery, with observed species including smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, chain pickerel, horned pout, and white perch. The state record smallmouth bass for New Hampshire was caught in this lake.</p><br>
<p>Grafton Pond is a 319 acre water body located in Grafton County in western New Hampshire, United States, in the town of Grafton. The pond is part of the Mascoma River watershed, flowing to the Connecticut River. Outflow from the pond travels through Bicknell Brook to Crystal Lake in Enfield, then north to the Mascoma River in West Canaan.</p><br>
<p>Grafton Pond is located within the Society for the Protection of New Hampshire Forests&#39; Grafton Pond Reservation and is an active common loon nesting site. There is a cement dam with a spillway for the pond leading into Bicknell Brook. It is a local favorite for swimming, fishing and boating, although no boat with an engine over 6 hp is allowed on the pond. There are several hiking trails around the pond and within the Grafton Woods reservation area. No camping or campfires are allowed around the pond or on any of the islands, and it is a "carry in, carry out" area.</p><br>
<p>The lake is classified as a warmwater fishery, with observed species including smallmouth bass, chain pickerel, yellow perch, sunfish, and brown bullhead.</p><br>
<p>Great East Lake is an 1,825 acre water body located in Carroll County, New Hampshire, and York County, Maine, in the United States. The lake is shared by the towns of Wakefield, New Hampshire, and Acton, Maine, with 45% of its surface area in Acton and 55% in Wakefield. The lake is the farthest upstream of the five headwater lakes of the Salmon Falls River, a tributary of the Piscataqua River. Water from Great East Lake flows out its dam and through the 800 ft Newichawannock Canal into Horn Pond, then into the Salmon Falls River below Horn Pond.</p><br>
<p>The widest part of the lake is in New Hampshire. The lake narrows to the east in Maine, creating the First, Second and Third basins. Great East Lake is the largest of the Salmon Falls headwater lakes.</p><br>
<p>Great East Lake supports abundant wildlife, and 21 fish species including lake trout (togue), rainbow trout, smallmouth bass, largemouth bass, American eel, hornpout, white perch, black crappie and chain pickerel.</p><br>
<p>Water quality monitoring data has been collected since 1974, including 29 years of secchi disk transparencies, 23 years of total phosphorus (TP) data, 20 years of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) data and 7 years of dissolved oxygen (DO) profiles. Sampling results from Station 1 (1974-2008) show a median TP concentration of 6.4 parts per billion (ppb), a mean secchi disk transparency of 9.2 m, and a mean Chl-a concentration of 1.2 ppb. The data indicates that Great East Lake is a high quality water by both the Maine Department of Environmental Protection and New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services standards.</p><br>
<p>The Great East Lake watershed is located in Acton, Maine, and Wakefield, New Hampshire, and covers approximately 9,939 acre. Great East Lake is part of the Piscataqua River major drainage basin and the Salmon Falls River subdrainage basin. Great East Lake flows into Horn Pond which in turn starts the Salmon Falls River at its outflow. The Salmon Falls River then flows into the Piscataqua River and into the Great Bay estuary and the Gulf of Maine.</p><br>
<p>The Great East Lake watershed is currently 66% forested, 9% developed, and 52% buildable area. The shoreline of Great East Lake is composed of primarily medium density residential houses and camps (77%). The majority of these structures (64%) are within 50 ft of the shoreline.</p><br>
<p>The Great East Lake Improvement Association (GELIA) was founded in 1932 and has been dedicated to the welfare of Great East Lake, its wildlife, and environment. The nonprofit organization sees education as its primary function to help protect the lake.</p><br>
<p>Great East Lake has several other programs and organizations dedicated to protecting its pristine water quality. A boat inspection program is run by the NH Lake Host Program where over 1,000 boats are inspected annually for invasive aquatic plants. There is also a weed watchers program (similar to the Invasive Plants Patrollers Program in Maine).</p><br>
<p>Dunster Working Watermill  is a restored 18th century watermill, situated on the River Avill, close to Gallox Bridge, in the grounds of Dunster Castle in Dunster, Somerset, England. It is a Grade II* listed building.</p><br>
<p>The mill stands on a site where a mill was first recorded in the Domesday Book, but the present building was constructed around 1780. It closed in 1962 but was restored in 1979 and is still used to grind flour. The equipment is powered by two overshot wheels. It is owned by the National Trust but operated as a tourist attraction by a private company.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>At the time of the Domesday Book in 1086 there were two mills in Dunster. One which was called the Lower Mill was on the site of the present mill. In the 17th century there were both malt and oats mills but by 1721 one of these had been converted to a fulling mill. The present mill, which was built around 1780 and replaced the two former mills. In 1940 a bakery was added.</p><br>
<p>It was restored to working order in 1979, winning a conservation award in 1982. The mill is still used to grind wheat flour. A cafe was opened in the buildings which used to be the wagon house and stables. Further restoration work, completed in 2007, was funded by the Exmoor Sustainable Development Fund.</p><br>
<p>Although it is owned by the National Trust it is leased to a private company to run as a tourist attraction and an entrance charge applies to all visitors. The site is visited by around 10,000 tourists a year and produces 6–8 tonnes of flour each year. The second waterwheel was restored and the collapsed wheel replaced in 2015.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture and machinery</h2><br>
<p>The two storey building has a slate roof. To the south east a stone wall contains wrought iron gates in an arched gateway.</p><br>
<p>The grinding equipment is powered by a pair of overshot wheels, which transfer power to the crown wheel via a series of belts. This then drives the grinding stones and sack lift. There is a doorway on the first floor to allow material to be hoisted up the building.</p><br>
<p>An adapted winnowing machine is used to sift the flour produced by the millstones.</p><br>
<p>The California Club is a members-only private social club established in 1888 in downtown Los Angeles, the second-oldest such club in Southern California. Its building was erected in 1930 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>There is an old adage that goes "The people who run Los Angeles belong to The Jonathan Club; the people who own Los Angeles belong to The California Club." The membership is by invitation only. The new members must be invited by at least six existing members of the Club, and pass series of interviews by the Club&#39;s Membership Committee.</p><br>
<p>The club has ranked #13 in the "Centrality Rankings" by G. William Domhoff in his book "Social clubs, policy-planning groups, and corporations: A network study of ruling-class cohesiveness".</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The California Club was incorporated on December 24, 1888. The first organizational meeting was held September 24, 1887, "in Justice Austin&#39;s courtroom", with N. C. Coleman as chairman and H. T. DeWilson as secretary.</p><br>
<p>The constitution and bylaws of the Union Social Club, of San Francisco, was reported and accepted without any change by the body of gentlemen assembled. There was considerable discussion on the... name of the club, and... it was decided to call it the California Club, of Los Angeles. The section in the bylaws granting army and navy officers all the privileges of members upon half-rate caused considerable feeling among the members. Four votes were taken on the question, and at last it was decided to allow the bylaws to read as they have for twenty-five years in the Union Club.</p><br>
<p>The clubs first location was in the second-floor rooms over the Tally-Ho Stables on the northwest corner of First and Fort (Broadway) streets, where the Los Angeles County Law Library now stands. It moved to the Wilcox Building on the southeast corner of Second and Spring streets in 1895, occupying the two top floors, the fourth and fifth. The building was distinguished as the first in Los Angeles to have two elevators—one for the public and the other for members. The mens dining room, reading room, bar and lounge were on the top floor. On the floor below was the ladies&#39; dining room.</p><br>
<p>The club remained at the Wilcox Building for ten years. Increased membership impelled the club to seek a new location in the southward and westward direction of the expansion of the city. In 1904 the club&#39;s headquarters were moved to a new five-story building with a basement and a roof garden on the northwest corner of Fifth and Hill streets.</p><br>
<p>In a vote taken in June 1987, 90 percent of the voting members favored admitting women. Since that time, the Club has maintained a non-discriminatory policy for admission to membership.</p><br>
<p>Among other features, the club is noted for its architecture, furnishings, fine cuisine, extraordinary wine list and impeccable service.</p><br>
<h2>Present clubhouse</h2><br>
<p>In the late 1920s, purchase of land at 538 South Flower Street was negotiated, and in 1929 the present structure was begun. Construction on the current clubhouse at 538 South Flower Street, Los Angeles, California, began in late 1928 and was formally completed on August 25, 1930. The building was designed by Robert D. Farquhar, an architect trained at the Ecole Nationale des Beaux Arts in Paris. The American Institute of Architects awarded Farquhar its Distinguished Honor Award for the design of the California Club building.</p><br>
<p>According to the National Park Service:</p><br>
<p>The structure is considered one of the most important buildings of the architect Robert D. Farquhar. Built in 1930, The Italian Renaissance Revival style building, with its setbacks and tower, was among the largest buildings in the immediate area when the site was chosen. Elements like the private forecourt, which partially shields the front entrance and first floor, provides the club with a sense of privacy and understated design.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places on July 6, 2010.</p><br>
<p>In addition to fine antiques and handcrafted furniture, the clubhouse is decorated with a collection of Western-themed, plein air paintings by such American landscape painters as J. Bond Francisco, Elmer Wachtel, Franz A. Bischoff, George Kennedy Brandriff, William Wendt and Paul Lauritz.</p><br>
<p>Mount Jo is a 2876-foot  mountain in the heart of the Adirondack Mountains of New York. It is located in North Elba, New York on land owned by the Adirondack Mountain Club. The Adirondack Loj and Heart Lake are located at the foot of Mount Jo. There are two trails that lead to its summit.</p><br>
<p>A steep but short and relatively easy hike compared to other mountains in the area, the Mountain offers great views of the High Peaks region, including Cascade Mountain, Mount Marcy, Algonquin Peak, Mount Colden and Indian Pass. It is located near Heart Lake in North Elba. The climb offers one of the best views for the effort (a 710-foot (216 m) vertical ascent from the Loj - actual trail distance is approx. 2.6 miles roundtrip), with a sweeping vista of the Great Range of the Adirondacks. It is seven miles (11 km) south of Lake Placid.</p><br>
<p>The mountain was named in 1877 by Henry Van Hovenberg, who built the original Adirondack Loj, for his fiancée Josephine Schofield, who died shortly before they were to have been married.</p><br>
<p>Malika Parbat   is the highest peak in Kaghan Valley, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan about six km south of Lake Saiful Muluk near Ansoo Lake.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is clearly visible from the popular tourist spot of Lake Saiful Maluk in Kaghan Valley. Malika Parbat is accessible from Naran-Lake Saiful Muluk side and from Batakundi-Dadar Chitta Glacier. There are three summits that forms Malika Parbat, Malika Parbat (North Peak), Malika Parbat Cresta, and Malika Parbat (South Peak).</p><br>
<p>Imran Junaidi from Pakistan and Jens Simonsen from Denmark climbed the Malika Parbat (North) peak in July, 2012. Imran Junaidi is the first Pakistani to have climbed the North peak. The mountain is considered non-climbable among the local population due to steepness and other mountain as well as supernatural hazards.</p><br>
<p>Recently, an expedition of four members led by Ahmed Mujtaba Ali (Pakistan) and including of reported to Summit the Malika Parbat in the month of August 2012. Other members of the expedition were Ahmed Naveed, Kammal Haider, and Saqib Ali. Rashid Butt lost his life while descending down the sheer slopes on South Peak.</p><br>
<p>This is for the very first time that a couple of expeditions attempted the peak and succeeded in reaching the sky. Malika Parbat is considered to be the most technical peak above 5,000 metres.</p><br>
<p>There are other peaks which offer considerable climbing difficulty in Siran Basin, Khabanar Valley and Burji Valley, while from Burawai, another cirqua of low peaks is equally good for mountaineering.</p><br>
<p>A Pakistani and Danish Climber have marked history by reaching the peak of ‘Malika Parbat’ (North Peak) at 5,290 meter, which is the highest mountain in the Hazara Division. It is the first ever time that a Pakistani climber, Imran Junaidi, has climbed this peak.</p><br>
<p>The five-day climbing expedition was initiated as part of both climbers’ interest in expressing the growing friendship between Denmark and Pakistan. This expedition is not only the first ever joint Pakistan-Danish climbing expedition, but it also the first ever Pakistani ascent of the North Peak.</p><br>
<p>Danish climber and also Deputy Head of Mission at the Danish Embassy in Islamabad, Jens J. Simonsen stated upon his return that “It was really important for me to do this ascent with a Pakistani climber, not only as an expression of my friendship with Pakistani climbers, but also as a small concrete expression of the friendship between Denmark and Pakistan.” “Pakistan is a country of so many strengths and beautiful natural resources, which is breathtaking, especially for us who come from abroad and knew very little about Pakistan. Our relations have never been stronger and we would like to continue working together and extend Pakistan the support it needs to grow and prosper,” he said.</p><br>
<p>‘Malika Parbat’ is the highest mountain in the Hazara Division, and it is clearly visible from the popular tourist spot of Lake Saiful Maluk in Kaghan Valley.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is however, considered non-climbable among the local population due to steepness and other mountain hazards. Pakistani climber of the two-man team, Imran Junaidi also shared that he was extremely happy to have taken on this challenge and to have climbed together with his Danish friend and climber, Simonsen. “The climb was no doubt quite challenging at times, but sometimes you have to fight a little for your friendships and for your dreams.”</p><br>
<p>Only eight climbers have reached the top of ‘Malika Parbat’ (North) Peak until now. The North Summit was firstly reached by Captain B.W. Battye and four Gurkha soldiers in 1920 followed by a second ascent made by Trevor Braham, Norman Noris and Gene White in 1967.</p><br>
<p>For more details;</p><br>
<p>Ksudach   is a stratovolcano in southern Kamchatka, Russia. The last eruption of Ksudach was in March 1907, on or around the 28, which was one of the largest ever recorded in Kamchatka, with a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 5 and a volume of ejected ash at 2.4 square kilometers. The eruption in 1907 sent ash high into the atmosphere which was transported by the jet stream, leaving North America east of the Rockies unseasonably cold.</p><br>
<p>The summit area comprises overlapping calderas. Two lakes, Balshoe and Kraternoe, are located within calderas at the summit of Ksudach. These lakes, along with hot springs and the surrounding wilderness, make the Ksudach Volcano region a popular trekking destination. In the event of renewed volcanic activity, its remote location minimizes its potential hazard to humans.</p><br>
<p>Rush Peak is a mountain in the Karakoram mountain range of Central Asia. It is located in the Nagar District of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. While not a high peak by local standards, it is noteworthy as a remote trekking destination. It can be reached via Nagar Valley and Hoper Village. The peak can be accessed via Hoper Glacier  and Barpu Glacier. The peak is relatively easy to climb in the summer months and ascents have been made by amateur climbers without proper mountaineering gear. In winter, access to the mountain is made difficult by heavy snows. The top of the peak provides stunning views of Miar Peak , Miar Glacier and Phuparash Peak . On a clear day, one can look east and see some of the worlds highest mountains, including K2 and Broad Peak. At the mountains base lies one of the world&#39;s highest alpine lakes, Rush Lake .</p><br>
<p>Spantik  or Golden Peak is a mountain in Spantik-Sosbun Mountains subrange of Karakoram in Nagar Valley, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan. Its northwest face features an exceptionally hard climbing route known as the "Golden Pillar". It lies east of Diran and northeast of Malubiting.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>Spantik was first climbed in 1955 by Karl Kramer&#39;s German expedition. The most commonly climbed line follows the south east ridge, which was attempted by the Bullock Workman party in 1906. The ridge rises 2700 metres over a lateral distance of 7.6 km, at angles which are mostly less than 30 degrees, with a few sections up to 40 degrees. It contains varied terrain, from rocky outcrops to snow and ice and scree.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is very popular with organised commercial expeditions, due to its relative ease of ascent and scarcity of objective dangers. The short 3 day approach trek across straightforward terrain also provides for easy access and gradual acclimatization.</p><br>
<p>This peak was scaled by Aus-Pak expedition in July 2011 led by a team of mountaineers from Army High Altitude School Rattu. Lt Col Abdul Aziz was supervising the team of Climbers.The peak can be approached from Nagar Valley as well as from Baltistan side. The First expedition was held in 1988, the team composed of six Pakistan Army Personnel with German Team, The first Pakistani who reached the summit was Captain (now Brigadier) Muhammad Moiz Uddin Uppal, Another expedition named the China-Pakistan Friendship Expedition scaled Spantik Peak. Expedition leader Lt Col (retired) Dr Abdul Jabbar Bhatti in a call from the summit said that the expedition members took turns to reach the summit between 1:45pm and 2:15pm on Sunday July 15. Earlier, the summit team, which had started from Camp II (5, 600 meters) on July 14, set up Camp III (6,000 metres) the same day and pushed for the summit the following day. C III was established 300 meters lower than planned, which, combined with worst weather conditions and lack of visibility during return from summit, resulted into missing the route and forced whole team to spend the night outside the camp, at time when members were already exhausted. Digging out snow caves was the only option for protection from extreme environment.</p><br>
<p>Uzma Yousaf on August 2, 2017scale 7,027 metre high Spantik peak. As per available material/record, Uzma is first Pakistani lady to climb Spantik as well as any peak above 7000meters in Pakistan. She climbed Spantik Peak 7027m approaching from Chogholungma glacier above Arandu in Basha valley, Shigar district of Gilgit Baltistan.</p><br>
<p>Uzma’s high altitude team included Wajid Ullah Nagri, Asghar Hussain and Yaseen. Uzma and her team reached at the top of Spantik at 9:16 am August 2, (Wednesday) 2017.</p><br>
<p>The 43-year old, who started her climbing career by scaling 6050-metre Mingling Sar in October last year and 5098 metre Rush Peak in February this year, said that it took her team 31 days to complete the voyage.</p><br>
<p>Chongra Peak  is a peak in the Himalaya range of Asia. Located in Gilgit–Baltistan, Pakistan,</p><br>
<p>it is one of the many subsidiary summits of the Nanga Parbat massif.</p><br>
<p>The peak lies just south of the Indus River, in Pakistan. Not far to the north is the western end of the Karakoram range.</p><br>
<h2>Layout of the mountain</h2><br>
<p>From the article: Nanga Parbat</p><br>
<p>The core of Nanga Parbat is a long ridge trending southwest-northeast. The southwestern portion of this main ridge is known as the Mazeno Ridge, and has a number of subsidiary peaks. In the other direction, the main ridge starts as the East Ridge before turning northeast at Rakhiot Peak (7070m). The south/southeast side of the mountain is dominated by the Rupal Face, noted above. The north/northwest side of the mountain, leading to the Indus, is more complex. It is split into the Diamir (west) face and the Rakhiot (north) face by a long ridge. There are a number of subsidiary summits, including the North Peak (7816m) some 3 km north of the main summit. Chongra Peak itself is located at the far east end of the massif, directly north of the village of Tarashing and the upper Astore Valley.</p><br>
<p>Gondogoro Pass  is a 5585 meter high mountain pass in the Baltistan region of Pakistan 25 km south of the world&#39;s second-highest peak, K2. It connects the Gondogoro Glacier on the southwest and the Vigne Glacier on the northeast. On the southwest side, the route down from the pass descends into the Hushe village which contains the uppermost settlements of the Ghangche District.</p><br>
<p>Most climbers and trekkers approach from the northeast side. In 1986, a route was established that connects Concordia in the upper Baltoro Glacier to the Hushe Valley over the Gondogoro Pass. Since then, this challenging technical pass has attracted trekkers and climbers alike. This pass has one of the most overwhelming mountain panoramas anywhere in the world, with all of the Karakoram&#39;s 8000m peaks close at hand.</p><br>
<p>The Gondogoro La, though popular with trekkers, involves Class 4 climbing with crampons. The northeast side has up to 50-degree snow slopes with avalanche danger requiring fixed ropes. The southwest side is a longer, continuous 50-degree slope with rock-fall and avalanche danger that requires fixing as much as 300 meters of rope.</p><br>
<h2>When to visit</h2><br>
<p>The pass is easier to cross earlier in the season and can be attempted as early as the last three or four days in June; earlier and one is likely to be the first party of the season to break the trail. By August, objective dangers from crevasses, avalanches and rock fall increase substantially as the snow cover begins to melt.</p><br>
<p>The pass may be approached either from the Askole village up the Baltoro Glacier valley to Concordia and then Ali Camp on Vigne Glacier northeast of the pass, or via the Hushe Valley (past the mouths of the Charakusa Glacier valley on the east and the Masherbrum glacier valley on the northwest, and passing just west of Laila Peak.</p><br>
<p>Even though the ascending and descending sides of the pass have fixed dynamic ropes, crossing this pass requires good judgement, top fitness, prior acclimatisation, and basic mountaineering skills. Highly skilled high altitude local climbers remain near the top of the pass during the climbing season to maintain the ropes and assist.</p><br>
<h2>Notable features</h2><br>
<p>Numerous climbers regard this region as having some of the finest mountain scenery anywhere in the world. At Gondogoro Pass, one overlooks to the northeast what Galen Rowell termed the "Throne Room of the Mountain Gods." Apart from dozens more, one can see the following famous peaks from the pass:</p><br>
<p>K2(Choghori)</p><br>
<p>Broad Peak</p><br>
<p>Masherbrum</p><br>
<p>Laila Peak</p><br>
<p>Gasherbrum I</p><br>
<p>Gasherbrum II</p><br>
<p>Gasherbrum III</p><br>
<p>Gasherbrum IV</p><br>
<p>Trinity Peak</p><br>
<p>Goode Mountain is one of the major peaks of the North Cascades in the USA state of Washington. Named for topographer Richard U. Goode of the USGS, it is the highest peak located in North Cascades National Park, between the Skagit River and Lake Chelan. It is the fourth-highest non-volcanic peak in Washington, and the twelfth-highest summit overall.</p><br>
<p>Goode Mountain is a massive mountain, rising over 6,000 ft from its footings, and almost 7,000 ft from the bottom of Bridge creek valley. The mountain is made up of one main peak, and two smaller sub-peaks, The West Tower, and southeast peak. Both are over 8,700 ft. On the northeast side it accomplishes this rise in only 1.6 horizontal miles (2.6 km). However, due to its isolated location in the rugged North Cascades, it is not visible from any major road. Goode Glacier is also located on the northeast slopes of the mountain, in addition to many small snowfields located at higher elevations. Other major features of the mountain are Greenview Lake elevation 5,455 ft, Memaloose Ridge over 7,200 ft, and Goode Ridge 7,640 ft.</p><br>
<p>The mountain was first climbed in 1936 via the Southwest Couloir/Southeast Ridge Route, which is still the least technical route. More popular now is the Northeast Buttress, pioneered by well-known climber Fred Beckey and Tom Stewart on August 6, 1966. It involves some snow, possible ice, and rock climbing up to class 5.5. One of the most impressive routes is The Megalodon Ridge first ascent was September 6, 2007 by Blake Herrington and Sol Wertkin. A IV+ 5.10 route, along a ridge over 5,000 ft feet long, which took 12 hours to ascend by Blake Herrington and Sol Werkin. The route has 4,000 ft to 5,000 ft of exposure, it&#39;s considered one of the toughest established routes on the mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Routes</h2><br>
<p>Southwest Couloir/Southeast Ridge: first ascent July 5, 1936 by Wolf Bauer, Philip Dickett, Joe Halwax, Jack Hossack, George MacGowan</p><br>
<p>Northeast Buttress IV 5.5: first ascent August 6, 1966 by Fred Beckey and Tom Stewart.</p><br>
<p>Megalodon Ridge IV+ 5.10: first ascent September 6, 2007 by Blake Herrington and Sol Wertkin</p><br>
<p>The Twin Falls  is a cascade waterfall on the South Alligator River that descends over the Arnhem Land escarpment within the UNESCO World Heritagelisted Kakadu National Park in the Northern Territory of Australia. The Twin Falls area is registered on the Australian National Heritage List.</p><br>
<h2>Location and features</h2><br>
<p>The waterfall descends from an elevation of 158 m above sea level via a series of tiers that range in height between 44 -. The falls are located near the eastern boundary of the national park and 80 km south of. The falls are accessible by four wheel drive trail, 60 km from the Kakadu Highway and near to Jim Jim Falls.</p><br>
<p>The waterfall features within the leading one hundred images selected in 2012 by Australian Traveller magazine to promote Australia as a tourism destination.</p><br>
<p>Facilities adjacent to the waterfall include a carpark, picnic area, public toilets, and a shaded area.</p><br>
<p>The Florence Falls  is a segmented waterfall on the Florence Creek located within the Litchfield National Park in the Northern Territory of Australia.</p><br>
<h2>Location and features</h2><br>
<p>The waterfall descends from an elevation of 64 m above sea level via a series of segmented tiers that range in height between 9.8 -. Accessed by sealed road, the falls are found near the northern boundary of the national park, approximately 80 km south of Darwin.</p><br>
<p>A sign post at Florence Falls mentions two walks for hiking. The Shady Creek Walk is graded easy with a distance of 1.2 km return. The Florence Creek Walk is also graded easy with a distance of 3.2 km return. The Florence Falls plunge pool is listed as "great for a refreshing swim" besides the usual safety warnings.</p><br>
<p>The Tamnava  is a river in western Serbia. It is a 90 km-long left tributary of the Kolubara River and also gives the name to the surrounding region of Tamnava.</p><br>
<h2>Origin</h2><br>
<p>The Tamnava originates from several small streams from the hill of Konjsko brdo (Cyrillic: Коњско брдо; Horse hill) on the northern slopes of Vlašić mountain, northwest of the town of Valjevo, less than a kilometer away from the source of its major tributary, the Ub River. The Tamnava passes next to the village of Miličinica, makes sharp turn to the northwest along the Vlašić mountain, passes the village of Donje Crniljevo and makes another sharp, elbow turn to the east around the Braznik hill (Cyrillic: Бразник), near the Gradojević village. At the village of Kamenica, the Tamnava makes almost complete circle (triangle, in this case) as it comes just a kilometer away from its own furthermost source. In this early flow, the Tamnava makes the southeastern border of the Pocerina region of western Serbia.</p><br>
<h2>Tamnava region</h2><br>
<p>The Tamnava region begins as the river passes between the village of Subotica and a small town and regional center of Koceljeva. The villages of Tamnava, Novaci, Kalinovac, Trlić, Sovljak and Crvena Jabuka are located on the river which has been followed by the satellite flow of the Ub River ever from the source on the Vlašić mountain. The Ub finally meets the Tamnava near the village of Šarbane. The river turns northeast and after it passes the village of Liso Polje flows into the Kolubara, south of the Belgrade&#39;s suburb of Obrenovac.</p><br>
<p>The region is low, elongated in the west-east direction, encompassing also the valleys of the Ub and Kladnica rivers. It is part of the southern Pannonian plain, that is, of the ancient Bay of Kolubara of the Pannonian Sea. The region is rich in coal (Tamnava coal mines) which is part of the vast Kolubara coal basin.</p><br>
<p>The Tamnava drains an area of 930 km&sup2, through the Kolubara belongs to the Black Sea drainage basin and it is not navigable. The name of the river, Tamnava, in Serbian means The dark river.</p><br>
<p>Dow Crag is a fell in the English Lake District near Coniston, Cumbria. The eastern face is one of the many rock faces in the Lake District used for rock climbing.</p><br>
<p>The name Dow Crag originally applied specifically to the eastern face which looks down upon the tarn of Goat&#39;s Water, the fell itself having no need for a name before the inception of hill walking in the 19th century. As with many fells the name of a prominent feature was then applied to the whole mass. Dow was originally named Doe and still locally pronounced as "Doe".</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>The Coniston (or Furness) Fells form the watershed between Coniston Water and the Duddon Valley to the west. The range begins in the north at Wrynose Pass and runs south for around 10 miles before petering out at Broughton in Furness on the Duddon Estuary. Alfred Wainwright in his influential Pictorial Guide to the Lakeland Fells took only the northern half of the range as Lakeland proper, consigning the lower fells southward to a supplementary work The Outlying Fells of Lakeland. Dow Crag is the last fell in the northern section of the range and therefore qualifies as one of the 214 Wainwrights. Later guidebook writers have chosen to include the whole range in their main volumes.</p><br>
<p>The higher northern part of the range can be likened to an inverted Y in plan. Brim Fell stands at the junction of the three arms with the northern branch continuing over Swirl How and Great Carrs. The south western branch traverses to Dow Crag and the south eastern to The Old Man of Coniston, with Goats Water lying in a deep depression between the two. The connecting ridge from Dow Crag to Brim Fell crosses the depression of Goats Hawse above the head of the tarn, the Dow Crag side in particular being steep and rough.</p><br>
<p>South of Dow Crag the ridge steps down over the subsidiary tops of Buck Pike (2,440 ft) and Brown Pike (2,237 ft) to the Walna Scar Road. This is primarily a pedestrian route- the summit being at 1,985 ft- although it has seen use from off-road vehicles, together with the attendant erosion. It provides a crossing from Coniston village to Seathwaite in the Duddon valley and was originally constructed both to facilitate local trade and to serve the many slate quarries on these fells. The first section at either end is paved although the remainder is a stony bridleway.</p><br>
<p>Beyond the Walna Scar Road are the further tops of Walna Scar (2,040 ft), White Maiden (1,995 ft) and White Pike (1,960 ft). Richards treats these as one fell (Walna Scar) in his recent Landranger guide. South of White Pike is a profound drop to an area of rough country before the shapely pyramid of Caw rises skyward.</p><br>
<p>To the west long and gentle slopes run down from the summit of Dow Crag toward the Duddon, while further north on this flank is Seathwaite Tarn. The ground here also begins in a shallow descent, but turns steep above the tarn in a line of minor crags. Seathwaite Tarn is a reservoir in a side valley of the Duddon system. This was originally a much smaller waterbody, but was dammed early in the 20th century to provide drinking water for the Barrow in Furness area. The dam is almost 400 yards long and is concrete cored with slate buttresses, the resulting depth being around 80 ft. Water is not abstracted directly from the tarn, but flows some distance downriver to an off-take weir.</p><br>
<p>By contrast Goat&#39;s Water retains its natural form. Much smaller and enclosed by steep ground on three sides it contains both trout and char. The outlet flows through a boulder field, becoming one of the headwaters of Torver Beck. This stream passes a disused quarry near the Tranearth climbing hut, keeping the workings topped up via an artificial but extremely picturesque waterfall. Torver Beck finally issues into Coniston Water to the south of Torver village.</p><br>
<p>A second tarn to the east of Dow Crag stands in a small hollow below Brown Pike. This is Blind Tarn, so named because it has no visible inlet or outlet. About a hundred yards across and twenty feet deep, the tarn has a respectable population of trout. Whilst other theories are possible, it must be assumed they have been introduced for sport.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>The summit bears no cairn, being a rocky point perched directly above the crag. The view south and west to the coast is excellent, but much of Lakeland is blotted out by the flanks of the Coniston range. The Scafells are far enough west to put in an appearance and Skiddaw and the Helvellyn range can be seen through Fairfield and Levers Hawse.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>The simplest direct routes begin at either end of the Walna Scar Road, making for the summit from the top of the pass. Ascents can be made from Seathwaite Tarn (pathless) or to the north of Goats Hawse, but these give no clue to the grandeur of the crag on the eastern side of the ridge. For this the walker will leave the Walna Scar Road at The Cove, or climb to this point from Torver. From here Goats Water is the next objective for a stunning view of Dow Crag. Two choices now present themselves- easy via Goat&#39;s Hause, or steep via the South Rake (see below). Many walkers will also reach the fell using the good paths from The Old Man of Coniston and Brim Fell.</p><br>
<h2>Rock climbing</h2><br>
<p>Dow Crag is composed of rhyolite and has an approximately 100 metre rock face with over 100 recognised climbing routes including:</p><br>
<p>Giant&#39;s Crawl</p><br>
<p>C Ordinary Route</p><br>
<p>Hopkinson&#39;s Crack</p><br>
<p>Eliminate A</p><br>
<p>Leopard&#39;s Crawl</p><br>
<p>Nimrod</p><br>
<p>Side Walk</p><br>
<p>Holocaust</p><br>
<p>Tumble</p><br>
<p>The Shining Path</p><br>
<p>South Rake is a scree filled gully towards the south of the crag, and is the easiest way up the crag, being a fairly easy scramble, especially for the less agile.</p><br>
<p>Dow is noted for being particularly cold, bleak and exposed, especially in summer, typical of the Cumbrian season. Dow Crag is usually approached from the Walna Scar road which connects the Duddon Valley with Coniston.</p><br>
<p>The Jasenica  is a river in central Serbia. It is 79 km long and is the left tributary of the Great Morava. This river gives the name to the surrounding region.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Jasenica originates from several streams, most notably the Đurinci (Cyrillic: Ђуринци) from Venčac mountain, and the Srebrenica (Cyrillic: Сребреница) from the northern slopes of the Rudnik mountain in central Serbia. At its origin, the river runs through the eastern border of the Kačer region. It flows to the southeast initially, curves around the Rudnik, passes the villages of Donja Šatornja, Blaznava and reaches Stragari, the northernmost municipality of the City of Kragujevac. The area is known as the geographical center of Serbia (near the village of Čumić).</p><br>
<p>The Jasenica turns north, then northeast south of Topola and, after the villages of Božurnja and Žabare, directly east. Near the village of Natalinci the Trnava (Cyrillic: Трнава) runs into it from the right and changes its direction once more, this time to the northeast. After Mramorac village, the Jasenica spills over in several parallel flows, which continue until its confluence.</p><br>
<p>After the Pridvorica and Vodice villages (on different arms of the river), the Jasenica reaches the town of Smederevska Palanka, the most populous settlement in its valley. This is also where the Kubršnica, its main tributary, flows into it from the left. The Jasenica then gently bends to the east, flowing into the Great Morava near the village of Veliko Orašje (the southern arm of the river flows through the town of Velika Plana).</p><br>
<p>The Jasenica&#39;s drainage area covers 1,343 km&sup2; (part of the Black Sea drainage basin). The river is not navigable. Its name means the Ash tree river in Serbian.</p><br>
<h2>Region</h2><br>
<p>The Jasenica region extends beyond the Jasenica river valley, encompassing the region bounded by the Rudnik, Venčac and Kosmaj mountains, and the valley of the Velika Morava. It divides in two sub-regions, lower Jasenica of Smederevska Palanka, and upper Jasenica of Kragujevac. It covers the valleys of the Jasenica, Kubršnica, Veliki Lug, Brestovica, Milatovica and other rivers. The Jablanica river itself denlineates the eastern border of the region for the most part, dividing it from the Lepenica region. The region is densely populated, including several towns (Smederevska Palanka, Velika Plana, Aranđelovac, Mladenovac and Topola.)</p><br>
<p>The William Pitt Union, built in 1898 as the Hotel Schenley, is the student union building of the University of Pittsburgh main campus, and is a Pennsylvania and Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation Historic Landmark. Designed by Pittsburgh-based architects Rutan & Russell in the Beaux-Arts style of architecture, the Schenley Hotel catered to local and visiting well-to-do people. The University of Pittsburgh acquired the property in 1956.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>The Schenley</h3><br>
<p>The building, originally known as the Hotel Schenley and designed by architects Rutan & Russell, opened in 1898, became the keystone of entrepreneur Franklin Nicola’s dream of Oakland as a center for culture, art and education. Nicola had been instrumental in the formation of the Bellefield Company with the help of Andrew W. Mellon, Henry Clay Frick, Andrew Carnegie, George Westinghouse and H.J. Heinz, who were among the first stockholders to share Nicola’s vision for Oakland. They erected the beaux-arts structure on land once owned by fellow stockholder Mary Croghan Schenley. The Schenley Hotel was Pittsburghs first large, steel-framed "skyscraper hotel" it was described as "Pittsburghs class hotel of the early 20th century".</p><br>
<h3>Famous guests</h3><br>
<p>Full of marble, chandeliersm and Louis XV architecture, the Schenley quickly became the Pittsburgh home to the great and the near-great. Presidents Woodrow Wilson, Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, and Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the register at the Schenley, as did Eleanor Roosevelt.</p><br>
<p>Singer-actress Lillian Russell lived in suite 437 and married Pittsburgh publisher Alexander Moore in the French Room (now a dining room on the first floor). Dramatic tenor Enrico Caruso and his entourage occupied seven suites during their stay. Sarah Bernhardt, Nelson Eddy, Jeanette MacDonald, Henry Fonda, Katharine Hepburn, and Spencer Tracy stayed at the Schenley. Italian tragedian Eleonora Duse succumbed to pneumonia in suite 524.</p><br>
<p>The Schenley was not just the place to stay in Pittsburgh as the 20th century began: it was where the young ladies of society "came out," where couples married, and where one could dine on the "haute cuisine" of the day. It was also the place where Pittsburgh power brokers met and many of the discussions leading to the birth of the USA Steel Corporation were held at the Schenley. Its formation was celebrated at the "Meal of Millionaires" in 1901. Later in 1914, the Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) was organized at the Schenley Hotel. The state of Pennsylvania dedicated a historical marker outside of union in 1967 to commemorate the event. Many famous industrialists and businessmen, including Andrew Carnegie and Diamond Jim Brady, had eaten at various times at the hotel.</p><br>
<p>1909 was a year that changed the Hotel Schenley forever. That summer, Forbes Field opened just down the street and the University of Pittsburgh moved from its Northside location to Oakland. From that time on, the "Waldorf of Pittsburgh" gradually became the home of the National League baseball players in town to play the Pittsburgh Pirates, and students and faculty took their place among the Pittsburgh elite. Now added to the register were names such as Babe Ruth, Casey Stengel, Ty Cobb, and Rogers Hornsby. The deals struck over dinner at the Schenley now included baseball trades.</p><br>
<p>For the next 40-plus years the Schenley continued to operate albeit on a less grand scale. Pittsburgh&#39;s Renaissance I brought modern hotels to downtown Pittsburgh and, ironically, Frank Nicola’s dream of an Oakland civic center turned out to be a nightmare for the Schenley. The turn-of-the-century marvel had been built in rural Pittsburgh. The 1950s Schenley was surrounded by hospitals, educational facilities, concert halls, and private clubs with no parking to serve the hotel’s mobile guests.</p><br>
<h3>A part of Pitt</h3><br>
<p>In 1956, the then Schenley Park Hotel was sold to the University of Pittsburgh. The hotel underwent a $1 million ($ in dollars) renovation to convert it to university use. The top four floors first served as a men&#39;s dormitory called Schenley House while the rest of the building was purposed as a student union, which was named Schenley Hall.</p><br>
<p>Shortly after this, during the height of the cold war in September 1959, the Schenley Hall ballroom in the Union was the site of a luncheon for Nikita Khrushchev, chairman of the Soviet Union, and various Soviet and USA officials, including Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. that was hosted by the University of Pittsburgh and Pitt Chancellor Edward Litchfield. Pittsburgh and the University was the last stop in his eleven-day transcontinental tour prior to a three-day conference with President Dwight D. Eisenhower. The New York Times proclaimed "Pittsburgh Stop Warmest of Tour".</p><br>
<p>As the student population of the Pittsburgh campus blossomed to 30,000-plus and their activities diversified and grew, it became clear that the grand structure needed an overhaul.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the University announced a $13.9 million ($ in dollars) renovation and restoration for the Union, made possible by bonds sold through the Allegheny County Higher Education Building Authority.</p><br>
<p>During the 18-month project and restoration led by Williams Trebilcock Whitehead, seven upper floors were gutted to make way for modern offices for students and the student affairs administration. A 10th floor, which had been added several years after the hotel was first built, was removed to relieve stress on the building. However, the turn-of-the-century character of the main floor was restored through careful restoration of the Louis XV mirrored ballroom, the lower lounge that had enclosed the original Bigelow Boulevard-side porch 13 years after the hotel was originally built, and the marbled-wall former hotel lobby, now called the Tansky Family Lounge, which includes the "stairway to nowhere", a remnant of a previous renovation. In addition, the rarely used basement was transformed into a functional lower level with a new Forbes Avenue Entrance and plaza. The original wooden hotel room doors salvage from the upstairs renovation were used for the walls of the lower level student recreation room, now called "Nordys Place". Further, a third west entrance facing the universitys Schenley Quadrangle and Litchfield Towers dormitories was added and included a new multi-level glass roofed atrium just inside the new entrance. The renovations were completed in 1983 and the building was renamed the William Pitt Union.</p><br>
<h2>Legends</h2><br>
<p>A ghostly legend passed down among students begins with the story of a visit by the Russian National Ballet where it took up accommodations in the historic Schenley Hotel prior to opening its tour of the United States in Pittsburgh. The prima ballerina, tired from travel, decided to rest before the premiere performance, drifted off, and slept through her curtain call and the whole of the performance. The company&#39;s director, either so incensced by her missing the premiere, or so impressed by the stage presence of her understudy, decided to replace the prima ballerina with the young upstart for the remainder of the tour. The ballerina was so distraught that she took her own life that night, ashamed and humiliated that she would be replaced by the young understudy. It is now said if one were to ever take a nap or fall asleep for whatever reason in the Tansky Family Lounge, also known as the Red Room, they will always wake up just in time for whatever exam, class, meeting, appointment, etc. they may have missed. The Prima Ballerina haunts the room to make sure they never succumb to her same fate.</p><br>
<p>Another tale tells of a ghost haunting the Lillian Russell Room, room 437 within the offices of The Pitt News, in the area of Lillian Russell&#39;s former residence when the union served as the Schenley Hotel.</p><br>
<p>A notable infamous incident at the Schenley Hotel occurred on July 12, 1950, when a hotel night guard went on a shooting spree that resulted in the deaths of two men and the wounding of another.</p><br>
<h2>Current usage</h2><br>
<p>The William Pitt Union now serves as the student union and hub of the University of Pittsburgh and contains a variety of lounges, ballrooms, reception, performance, and meeting spaces. One of the most notable facilities is the Louis XV style William Pitt Union Ballroom on the main floor which features vaulted ceiling, mirrored walls, two grand crystal chandeliers, and detailed moldings and artwork that are faithful restored to the condition of the Hotel Schenley. Other formal rooms include the Kurtzman Room and lower atrium of the Tansky Family lounge on the main floor, as well as two dining rooms on the first floor. The Tansky Lounge itself is the restored grand lobby of the hotel. In addition, the William Pitt Union Assembly Room, the largest room on the main floor at 6,200 ft&sup2, contains a stage with theatrical lighting and serves as the facilitys primary multi-purpose event space. The William Pitt Union is also the home to the (dedicated in 1984), C. M. Kimbo Art Gallery, a dance studio, meeting and conference rooms, university offices, and, on the lower level, a food court. The upper floors of the union serve as the primary location for the offices for over 300 student organizations, including the student newspaper, The Pitt News, the student radio station, WPTS, and the student government. The fourth floor also contains Lillian Russell Room of The Pitt News office which is the location of her former residence during the unions days as the Schenley Hotel. The Russell Room contains a portrait or Russell, a fireplace, stained glass fanlight, decorative moldings, and other elements. In 2007, the recreation room on the ground floor of the union was renovated and by resolution of the Pitt Student Government Board in December 2007, was named "Nordy&#39;s Place" in honor of Chancellor Mark Nordenberg whom the board resolved was a student favorite and worthy of the honor. Gigs Game Center, outfitted with videogame hardware and software, is also located on the lower level. In 2009, renovations to the second floor improved the accommodations of the student careers center and renovations to the fifth floor were completed to provide six new meeting spaces for student organizations, four of which with hard-surface flooring enabling groups to practice dance routines and other activities. In addition, a formal area was created where student organizations can host special events such as workshops and award presentations. In 2010, a $2 million project was undertaken to renovate 9,200 ft&sup2; of space on the ninth floor. The renovation, completed in 2011, created a new student study and lounge area, a 20-person conference room, a kitchen/coffee area, file/storage areas, and new offices for Residence Life, and Pitt Arts, and Student Volunteer Outreach. A $1.93 million renovation of the Assembly Room, which included uncovering three large windows to allow in natural light, as well as a stage extension and technology upgrades, was completed in 2013. In addition, a $390,000 renovation of first floor restrooms and $1.85 million renovation of the lower levels of the union, including its food court and dining spaces, was completed in 2013.</p><br>
<p>WPUAssemblyRoom.jpgThe Assembly Room, as seen prior to its 2013 renovations, holds a variety of large meetings and functions</p><br>
<p>Kráľova hoľa  is the highest mountain  of the eastern part of the Low Tatras in central Slovakia. Four rivers rise at its foot: Čierny Váh, Hnilec, Hornád, and Hron. The summit, easily accessible by hiking trails from Telgárt as well as by a paved road from Šumiac , offers a panoramic view of Spiš, the Tatras, Liptov, and the Upper Hron Valley. Largely deforested by exploitative timber harvesting in the early 19th century, its timberline was restored to its natural elevation of about 1,650 m  through the efforts of Ludwig Greiner in the second half of that century.</p><br>
<p>Kráľova hoľa is often depicted in Slovak folklore and Romantic poetry as a safe refuge of heroes and highwaymen, namely Juraj Jánošík. As a metaphor of homeland in folk ballads (such as Na Kráľovej holi) and particularly in one of the best-known Slovak poems The Death of Jánošík (1862) by Ján Botto, the mountain has become one of informal Slovak national symbols along with Kriváň.</p><br>
<p>During the anti-Nazi Slovak National Uprising, the partisan group Jánošík had their shelters below the top of the mountain. In 1960, a TV transmitter with a 137.5 metres tall guyed tubular mast was built on the top. There is also a weather station and a station of the mountain rescue service.</p><br>
<p>Titlis is a mountain of the Uri Alps, located on the border between the cantons of Obwalden and Berne. At 3,238 m above sea level, it is the highest summit of the range north of the Susten Pass, between the Bernese Oberland and Central Switzerland. It is mainly accessed from Engelberg  on the north side and is famous as the site of the world&#39;s first rotating cable car. The cable car system connects Engelberg  to the summit of Klein Titlis  through the three stages of Gerschnialp , Trübsee  and Stand .</p><br>
<p>The last part of cable car way leads above the glacier. At Klein Titlis, it is possible to visit an illuminated glacier cave from an entrance within the cable-car station, which also includes shops and restaurants. The Titlis Cliff Walk, the highest elevation suspension bridge in Europe, opened in December 2012, giving views across the Alps.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Titlis straddles the border between Obwalden and Berne. The main summit of Titlis (sometimes distinguished by the name Gross Titlis) and Klein Titlis are both located between the municipalities of Engelberg on the north and Gadmen on the south. The Titlis massif is also partially located in Nidwalden, where the highest point of that canton is found: the Rotstöckli (2,901 m). Titlis itself is the highest point in Obwalden and in the valley of Engelberg. East of Titlis is the Grassen, where the borders between the cantons of Obwalden, Berne and Uri converge. The geographical centre of Switzerland is situated about 15 kilometers west of the mountain.</p><br>
<p>Titlis is the highest mountain in the portion of the Uri Alps north of the Susten Pass. This part of the range is located between the valleys of the Hasli (west) and the Reuss (east), thus separating the waters feeding the basins of the Aar and Reuss respectively. On the north side the valley of Engelberg (Engelbergertal) is drained by the Engelberger Aa, a tributary of the Lake Lucerne. The valley is located southwards from Lake Lucerne.</p><br>
<p>The northern side of the massif is covered by the Titlis Glacier (Titlisgletscher). The south steep and rocky face rises above the Wenden Glacier. The east side overlooks a glacier named Firnalpeligletscher.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In earlier times, Titlis was known under the names Wendenstock or Nollen. The Reissend Nollen and the Wendenstöcke are the nearest western neighbours to the mountain, slightly lower than Titlis, but with sharp rugged peaks. In a document of 1435 the mountain is called Tuttelsberg (Tutilos mountain), referencing to a man named Tutilos, who was probably a local farmer. The name, from Tutilos Berg, became Titlisberg and later Titlis.</p><br>
<p>The first ascent of Titlis was probably made in the year 1739. It was done by Ignaz Hess, J. E. Waser and two other men from Engelberg. The first written evidence of an ascent is found in the Engelberger Dokumente. They mention a party of four men that reached the summit in 1744.</p><br>
<p>On 21 January 1904 the first ski ascent of Titlis was made by Joseph Kuster and Willi Amrhein.</p><br>
<p>In March 1967 the cable car to Klein Titlis (3,032 m) was inaugurated.</p><br>
<p>In December 2012, the Titlis Cliff Walk opened to commemorate the 110th anniversary of the Engelberg-Gerschnialp cableway.</p><br>
<h2>Telecommunications</h2><br>
<p>Klein Titlis hosts a significant telecommunications site, used for high capacity point-to-point microwave radio links and VHF/UHF repeaters. Licensed band radio links are regulated by the Swiss Federal Office of Communications.</p><br>
<h2>Weather</h2><br>
<p>The summit of Titlis is located above the snow line, thus it has a cold, snowy climate with permanent snow cover and freezing temperatures.</p><br>
<p>Jack Mountain is the 17th highest mountain in Washington state. It is one of the 10 non-volcanic peaks in Washington State over 9,000 ft. It towers dramatically over the south end of Ross Lake, rising 7,450 ft  above the lakeshore in only 3 horizontal miles . Nohokomeen Glacier nearly fills the cirque on the upper north slopes of the mountain.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Jack Mountain was first described by surveyor Henry Custer in 1859, and was named for prospector Jack Rowley who was active on Canyon Creek. The first recorded ascent of Jack Mountain was made in 1904 by topographer E.C. Barnard. By the 1980s climbing routes had been established on most ridges, glaciers, and directions, seven in total. Most are but some involve true technical climbing. All are long routes with a great deal of vertical gain, meaning most parties take three to four days to climb the mountain.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<h3>Rock Types</h3><br>
<p>The mountain is composed mostly of Metavolcanic rock and Metasedimentary rock from the Hozameen Group. Most predominate is Greenstone from the Jurassic to Permian periods. Most surface material is heavily eroded, by water Glacier ice. The lower flanks of the mountain in the Devils creek basin Maine sedimentary rock from the lower Cretaceous period, part of the Harts Pass Formation. The lower flanks of the mountain on the Ross lake side are composed of many diffent rock types including Orthogneiss, Ultramafic rock, low grade Phyllite, Tonalite, Continental glacier drift, Diorite, and Schist.</p><br>
<h3>Faults and Formation</h3><br>
<p>The Jack Mountain area consists of one small thrust fault, and a few other normal faults, none showing any seismic activity. Jack Mountain was created when the Hozameen Group was thrusted over the younger Harts Pass formation to the east. Most likely caused by the Ross lake Fault to the west. The lower flanks of the mountain to the west were created by the Ruby Creek Heterogeneous plutonic belt.</p><br>
<h2>Geographical features</h2><br>
<p>Nohokomeen Glacier fills northwestern side of mountain</p><br>
<p>Northeast glacier steep and heavily crevassed small glacier</p><br>
<p>East glacier small pocket glacier on the east side</p><br>
<p>Northwest glacier, small hanging glacier west of summit ridge</p><br>
<p>Crater creek, main southside drainage</p><br>
<p>Devils creek, main northside drainage</p><br>
<p>Nohokomeen falls, May creek water fall over headwall</p><br>
<p>Roland creek is located on the steep westside, its tributary&#39;s hold many waterfall.</p><br>
<h2>Routes</h2><br>
<p>Southeast Ridge first ascent John Anderson and Alan Kearney August 1977. Grade III, class 5.6</p><br>
<p>Southeast route class 4</p><br>
<p>East ridge first ascent Carl and Gordon Skoog July 16, 1984. Grade II, class 4.</p><br>
<p>Northeast Glacier first ascent Fred Beckey, Dallas Kloke, Reed Tindall July 19, 1978.</p><br>
<p>North Ridge first ascent Joe Vance and Bill Weitkamp August 1, 1971. Grade II class 4</p><br>
<p>Southwest Ridge class 4</p><br>
<p>South Face class 4</p><br>
<p>McNabs Island is the largest island in Halifax Harbour located in Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, Canada. It played a major role in defending Halifax Harbour and is now a provincial park. The island was first settled in 1780s by Peter McNab, and McNab family members lived on the island until 1934.http://www.mcnabsisland.ca/history/hist-s4.html</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The island saw seasonal Mikmaq and Acadian use and was surveyed by the French Navy as a possible site for a fortified seaport prior to the selection of Louisbourg. After the founding of Halifax in 1749, it was first known as Cornwallis Island. Halifax merchant Joshua Mauger used the long beach which still bears his name as a base for a fishing operation in the 1750s and 60s. The island was purchased by Peter McNab (d. 1799, buried at Old Burying Ground) in the 1780s beginning a long settlement by generations of the McNab family on the island. Peter McNab&#39;s son Captain John McNab, Nova Scotia Fencibles, lived with his daughter Catherine Susan Ann McNabb on McNabs Island. She married Joseph Howe on February 2, 1828.</p><br>
<p>McNabs Island contains many forts belonging to the "Halifax Defence Complex" including Fort Ives, Fort Hugonin, Sherbrooke Tower, and Fort McNab. Important historic features on McNabs Island which are still visible include the foundations of several houses built by early settlers, an aboriginal shell midden, a cemetery containing some of the island&#39;s earliest residents, remains of a turn of the century picnic ground and soda pop factory, and remnants of a once extensive Victorian garden. Numerous military fortifications can be found, including Fort McNab, Fort Ives, Fort Hugonin and Strawberry Battery. Other features include the original McNab house, Martello Tower, and the main burial site of cholera victims from the S.S. England.</p><br>
<p>Maugher Beach, where a lighthouse stands, is also known as "Hangman&#39;s Beach" because of its use by the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic wars to hang the bodies of executed mutineers as a warning to crews of ships entering the harbour that this was a port where they had best behave themselves. The light at Maughers Beach was used in 1851 by Abraham Gesner to test out the new fuel he had invented, kerosene, to replace whale oil. Although lighthouse officials were skeptical, the careful recording of the efficiency of kerosene by Maughers Beach keeper David George helped establish the fuel for standard use.</p><br>
<p>During World War II new gun batteries, search lights and a steel anti-submarine net were installed between the island and York Redoubt to prevent German U boats from entering the harbour. In 1944 and 1945 the Canadian Army used McNabs Island as an isolated prison/detention centre for soldiers convicted of crimes.</p><br>
<p>McNabs Island was the home of William Lynch and the location where he started the Bill Lynch Show.</p><br>
<h2>Today</h2><br>
<p>The remains of Fort McNab were designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1965 as being reflective of the significant changes in defence technology that occurred in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Today, of McNabs Island&#39;s total area of approximately 395 hectare, the Province owns 62 percent, the Federal Government 35 percent, and 3 percent is privately owned. Most federal lands on the island are administered as a park reserve by the Department of Heritage, under the responsibility of Parks Canada who manages the Fort McNab National Historic Site of Canada, except for the Fort Hugonin lands of approximately 11 ha under the responsibility of the Defence department. The Province of Nova Scotia manages a Provincial Park. A group called "Friends of McNabs Island Society" a volunteer, non-profit, registered charity, based in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, that is dedicated to the preservation of McNabs, Lawlor and Devils Islands, promote McNabs Island as a Nature Park and Outdoor Classroom. The Society hosts events on McNabs Island such as picnics, nature and historical tours, and annual beach clean-ups. The society produces maps and brochures, the popular guidebook Discover McNabs Island, island posters and quarterly newsletters. The society maintains the trails with the Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources and Parks Canada. There are a few permanent residents living on the island and it is considered a community of the Halifax Regional Municipality.</p><br>
<h2>Lightkeepers for Maugher Beach lighthouse</h2><br>
<p>1830-1836 Bolser, J.</p><br>
<p>1840-1846 McGlinn, D.</p><br>
<p>1846-1873 George, David</p><br>
<p>1873-1896 Horn, E.</p><br>
<p>1896-1903 Doody, J.</p><br>
<p>1903-1915 Iceton, W.</p><br>
<p>1915-1936 Conrod, T.</p><br>
<p>1936-1940/1945-1947 MacDonald, J.A.</p><br>
<p>1940-1942 Hull, R.W.</p><br>
<p>1942-1945/1951-1958 Bell, J.J.</p><br>
<p>1948-1951 Hartley, G.R.</p><br>
<p>1958-1959 Lalonde, J.D.</p><br>
<p>1959 Stevens, A.J.</p><br>
<p>1959-1970 Rampton, E.F.</p><br>
<p>1970 Mitchell, L.G.</p><br>
<p>1970 Turner, M.B.</p><br>
<p>1970-1983 Lowe, H.G.</p><br>
<p>Automated since 1983</p><br>
<h2>Lightkeepers for McNabs Island lighthouse</h2><br>
<p>1903-1905 Doody, J.</p><br>
<p>1905-1932 Lynch, M.</p><br>
<p>1932-1957 Cleveland, Colin W.</p><br>
<p>1957 Lumsden, B.J.</p><br>
<p>1957-1959 Eddy, W.</p><br>
<p>Automated 1959-1973</p><br>
<p>1973 - replaced by skeleton tower</p><br>
<p>1976 - structure torn down</p><br>
<p>The Barron Falls  is a steep tiered cascade waterfall on the Barron River located where the river descends from the Atherton Tablelands to the Cairns coastal plain, in Queensland, Australia.</p><br>
<p>In 2009 as part of the Q150 celebrations, the Barron Falls was announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for its role as a "Natural attraction".</p><br>
<h2>Location and features</h2><br>
<p>Protected within the Barron Gorge National Park, the volume of water seen in the upper photo only occurs after substantial rainfall during the wet season. For much of the rest of the year, little more than a trickle is evident, due in part to the presence of a weir behind the head of the falls that supplies the Barron Gorge Hydroelectric Power Station located downstream in the gorge.</p><br>
<p>The Barron Falls may be viewed and accessed by road via the Kennedy Highway that crosses the Barron River upstream of the falls, near. The narrow-gauge Kuranda Scenic Railway and the Skyrail aerial tram also leads from the coastal plain to the tablelands. The train stops at Barron Falls overlook, where passengers may disembark for several minutes. The Skyrail stops at two rainforest mid-stations, Red Peak and Barron Falls. The trail at Barron Falls Skyrail station leads through the rainforest to three separate lookouts providing views of the Gorge and Falls.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>The falls were named for Thomas Henry Bowman Barron, the Chief Clerk of Police in Brisbane in the 1860s.</p><br>
<h2>Tourist attraction</h2><br>
<p>The falls were one of the most popular tourist attractions in Queensland by the 1890s. Visitors are drawn to the natural features and scenery.</p><br>
<p>Palfrey Island is part of the Lizard Island Group and south of Lizard Island proper, being 270 km north of Cairns, Queensland, Australia. There is an automated lighthouse structure situated on this island.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Lizard Island is a high granite island about 7 square kilometres in size, with three smaller islands nearby (Palfrey, South and Bird). Together these islands form the Lizard Island Group and their well-developed fringing reef encircles the 10 metre deep Blue Lagoon.</p><br>
<p>The only settlements on the island are the Research Station, the Lizard Island Resort operated by Delaware North Australia Parks & Resorts and a basic camping area operated by the Queensland Parks & Wildlife Service.</p><br>
<p>All islands in the Lizard Island Group are part of the Lizard Island National Park, administered by the Queensland Parks and Wildlife Service. Lizard Island is situated in the waters of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, administered jointly by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority and the Queensland Environmental Protection Agency. Permits are required for all manipulative research in the Lizard Island Group and the waters surrounding it.</p><br>
<p>The Lizard Island Group is a mid-shelf reef, situated 30 kilometres from the Australian mainland. Most reef and island types characteristic of the Great Barrier Reef are accessible from the Research Station.</p><br>
<h2>Historic significance</h2><br>
<p>During his epic voyage of 1770, Captain James Cook climbed the peak on Lizard Island to chart a course out to sea through the maze of reefs which confronted him.</p><br>
<p>Sir Creek is a 96 km  tidal estuary on the border of India and Pakistan. The creek, which opens up into the Arabian Sea, divides the Gujarat state of India from the Sindh province of Pakistan. It is located at approximately {{coord|23|58|N|68|48|E|}}. Kori Creek, another tidal estuary of the Indus River Delta lies around 34 kms to the southeast.</p><br>
<p>The long-standing dispute hinges in the actual demarcation "from the mouth of Sir Creek to the top of Sir Creek, and from the top of Sir Creek eastward to a point on the line designated on the Western Terminus". From this point onwards, the boundary is unambiguously fixed as defined by the Tribunal Award of 1968.</p><br>
<p>This region belonging to India is a part of the Indus River Delta most of which lies in Sindh, Pakistan. The creek itself is located in uninhabited marshlands of the Indus Delta just to the West of the Great Rann of Kutch. During the Monsoon season between June and September, the creek floods its banks and envelops the low-lying salty mudflats around it. During the winter season, the area is home to flamingoes and other migratory birds.</p><br>
<h2>Dispute</h2><br>
<p>The dispute lies in the interpretation of the maritime boundary line between Pakistan and India. Before independence, the area was part of British India. After independence in 1947, Sindh became a part of Pakistan while Gujarat remained a part of India.</p><br>
<p>Pakistan lays claim to the entire creek as per paragraphs 9 and 10 of the Sind Government Resolution of 1914 signed between the then Government of Sindh and Rao Maharaj of Kutch.</p><br>
<p>The resolution, which demarcated the boundaries between the one territories, included the creek as part of Sindh, thus setting the boundary as the eastern flank of the creek. India sticks to its position that the boundary lies mid-channel as depicted in another map drawn in 1925, and implemented by the installation of mid-channel pillars back in 1924.</p><br>
<p>India supports its stance by citing the thalweg doctrine in international law. The law states that river boundaries between two states may be, if the two states agree, divided by the mid-channel. Though Pakistan does not dispute the 1925 map, it maintains that the doctrine is not applicable in this case as it most commonly applies to non-tidal rivers, and Sir Creek is a tidal estuary. India rejects the Pakistani stance by maintaining the fact that the creek is navigable at high tide and that the thalweg principle is used for some international boundaries in tidal waters, and that fishing trawlers use Sir Creek to go out to sea. Another point of concern for Pakistan is that Sir Creek has changed its course considerably over the years. If the boundary line is demarcated according to the thalweg principle applied to the current channel, Pakistan and India would both lose small amounts of wetlands territory that was historically part of their provinces. More significantly, acceding to India&#39;s stance would result in the shifting of the land/sea terminus point several kilometres to the detriment of Pakistan, leading in turn to a loss of several thousand square kilometres of its Exclusive Economic Zone under the United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea.</p><br>
<p>Since 1969, there have been twelve rounds of talks between the two nations, without a breakthrough. The twelfth round was completed in June 2012. Steps to resolve the dispute include: allocation, delimitation, demarcation, administration.</p><br>
<p>Since neither side has conceded ground, India has proposed that the maritime boundary could be demarcated first, as per the provisions of Technical Aspects of Law of Sea (TALOS). However, Pakistan has staunchly refused the proposal on the grounds that the dispute should be resolved first. Pakistan has also proposed that the two sides go in for international arbitration, which India has flatly refused. India maintains that all bilateral disputes should be resolved without the intervention of third parties.</p><br>
<h2>Atlantic incident</h2><br>
<p>This disputed region is known for the Atlantique Incident which occurred on August 1999. The Indian IAF&#39;s MiG-21FL fighters shot down the Pakistan Navy&#39;s recconnaisance plane,</p><br>
<p>After the incident, the Pakistan Marines units have been deployed in the region, with a sizable SAMs active in the region. In 1999, the Marines reportedly fired an errant missile on Indian IAF&#39;s MiG-21FL, which they narrowly missed. Additional marines battalions and sniper reconn units have been deployed in the Sir Creek region.</p><br>
<h2>Economic reasons</h2><br>
<p>Though the creek has little military value, it holds immense economic gain. Much of the region is rich in oil and gas below the sea bed, and control over the creek would have a huge bearing on the energy potential of each nation. Also once the boundaries are defined, it would help in the determination of the maritime boundaries which are drawn as an extension of onshore reference points. Maritime boundaries also help in determining the limits of Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) and continental shelves. EEZs extend to 200 nautical miles (370 km) and can be subjected to commercial exploitation.</p><br>
<p>The demarcation would also prevent the inadvertent crossing over of fishermen of both nations into each other&#39;s territories.</p><br>
<p>In contrary to economic reasons described by India and Pakistan, common fishermen of both countries get trapped in conflict and their economic rights of earning get affected. It has seen that government of India and Pakistan regularly arrest fishermen of each other for crossing the boundary, however for a common fisherman, it is always a wonder to know where the boundary starts and ends in sea. This unawareness are added with wind flow, waves and turbulence that push the boat in sea. While UN law advocates for minimum penalty for this offence and release of boats, but government of India and Pakistan catch these prisoners and keep them in prisons for long time. It is more unfortunate that their release happens through land boundary of India and Pakistan (Wagha border) and these poor fishermen come to their home country without their boats.</p><br>
